Person: Ransom, J.K.
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Ransom
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J.K.
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Ransom, J.K.
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0000-0002-9725-5223 12 results
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- Integrated nutrient management strategies for soil fertility improvement and Striga control on Northern Ethiopia(African Crop Science Society, 2000) Esilaba, A.O; Fasil Reda; Ransom, J.K.; Wondimu Bayu; Woldewahid, G.; Zemichael, B.
Publication - Assessment of management options on striga infestation and maize grain yield in Kenya(Weed Science Society of America, 2018) Kanampiu, F.; Makumbi, D.; Mageto, E.; Omanya, G.; Waruingi, S.; Musyoka, P.; Ransom, J.K.The parasitic purple witchweed [Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.] is a serious constraint to maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, especially in poor soils. Various Striga spp. control measures have been developed, but these have not been assessed in an integrated system. This study was conducted to evaluate a set of promising technologies for S. hermonthica management in western Kenya. We evaluated three maize genotypes either intercropped with peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], or silverleaf desmodium [Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC] or as a sole crop at two locations under artificial S. hermonthica infestation and at three locations under natural S. hermonthica infestation between 2011 and 2013. Combined ANOVA showed significant (P<0.05) cropping system and cropping system by environment interactions for most traits measured. Grain yield was highest for maize grown in soybean rotation (3,672 kg ha-1) under artificial infestation and in D. uncinatum and peanut cropping systems (3,203 kg ha-1 and 3,193 kg ha-1) under natural infestation. Grain yield was highest for the Striga spp.-resistant hybrid under both methods of infestation. A lower number of emerged S. hermonthica plants per square meter were recorded at 10 and 12 wk after planting on maize grown under D. uncinatum in the artificial S. hermonthica infestation. A combination of herbicide-resistant maize varieties intercropped with legumes was a more effective method for S. hermonthica control than individual-component technologies. Herbicide-resistant and Striga spp.-resistant maize integrated with legumes would help reduce the Striga spp. seedbank in the soil. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt an integrated approach to control Striga spp. for better maize yields.
Publication - Bugday hastalik ve zararlilari: tarlada tanima kilavuzu(CIMMYT, 1987) Prescott, J.M.; Burnett, P.A.; Saari, E.E.; Ransom, J.K.; Bowman, J.; De Milliano, W.A.J.; Singh, R.P.; Abeyo Bekele Geleta
Publication - Wheat diseases and pests: a guide for field identification(CIMMYT, 2002) Singh, R.P.; Prescott, J.M.; Abeyo Bekele Geleta; Bowman, J.; Burnett, P.A.; De Milliano, W.A.J.; Ransom, J.K.; Saari, E.E.
Publication - Maladies et ravageurs du ble: guide d'identification au champ(CIMMYT, 1987) Prescott, J.M.; Abeyo Bekele Geleta; Bowman, J.; Burnett, P.A.; De Milliano, W.A.J.; Ransom, J.K.; Saari, E.E.; Singh, R.P.Depourvus de chlorophylle, ce en quoi ils different des autres plantes, les champignons n'ont done pas de capacite de photosyntese. Au lieu d'elaborer leur propre nourriture, ils absorbent des elements nutritifs qu'ils puisent dans les tissus marts ou vivants de l'hote. Ils se propagent de diverses manieres et peuvent etre transmis par la graine ou le sol, ou disperses par le vent, l'eau (de pluie ou d'arrosage), les insectes, les animaux et l'homme. L'infection par les champignons pathogenes est liee a divers facteurs: en general, leur reproduction requiert la presence d'eau a la surface de l'h6te et depend a la fois de la sensibilite de ce dernier, de la densite d'inoculum et de la temperature ambiante, et d'autres facteurs du milieu. Si certains champignons ne s'attaquent qu'a une ou a quelques especes hotes, d'autres par contre s'attaquent indistinctement a plusieurs d'entre elles. Les sympt6mes et l'evolution de la maladie dependent egalement de l'interaction entre le parasite et l'hote. Selan la nature des champignons qui sont a l'origine de la maladie, les symptomes peuvent etre semblables ou differents, ainsi leur identification categorique devra etre basee sur leur morphologie. Sauf indication contraire, les champignons dont ii sera traits ici sont ceux qui attaquent le ble tendre, le ble dur et le triticale.
Publication - Sustainable maize production systems for Nepal: proceedings of a maize symposium(NARC, 2002) Rajbhandari, N.P.; Ransom, J.K.; Adhikari, K.; Palmer, A.F.E.This symposium will be a milestone for improving research and development in maize and will have a direct bearing on food security in the hills of Nepal and in raising income levels of the rural communities.
Publication - Wheat diseases and pests: a guide for field identification(CIMMYT, 1986) Prescott, J.M.; Burnett, P.A.; Saari, E.E.; Ransom, J.K.; Bowman, J.; De Milliano, W.A.J.; Singh, R.P.; Abeyo Bekele Geleta
Publication - Screening of maize genotypes for low Striga Asiatica stimulant production using the Agar Gel Technique(African Crop Science Society, 1994) Fasil Reda; Butler, L.G.; Gebisa Ejeta; Ransom, J.K.One of the best characterized mechanisms of resistance to the parasitic weed ( Striga check for this species in other resources ) is low germination stimulant exudation by host plants. Using a simple and rapid agar gel assay, 112 maize genotypes were tested for low stimulant production and haustorium initiation of Striga asiatica check for this species in other resources (L.) Kuntze. Most of the genotypes induced high level of germination of Striga seeds at distances more than 1.3 cm, from the crop seedling root to the furthest germination Striga seed. Germination distance highly correlated with rate of germination and was used as a quick way of determining the level of haustorial germination induced by the test genotypes. Some breeding lines such as PR 91A 496-13 and PR 91A 496-25 induced moderately low germination. B 37.91-952-1 induced the least germination distance (0.87cm). This is comparable to that of highly resistant sorghum varieties. The commercial varieties induced high level of germination. A similar procedure was followed to observe the rate of haustorium initiation. Despite the tendency to stimulate considerably high germination, some entries permitted very low haustorium initiation. The best three lines in terms of low haustorium initiation were PR 496-45, PR 91B 5323 33x34 and PR 91A 496-17. There was no relationship between germination distance and haustorium initiation.
Publication - Enfermedades y plagas del trigo: una guia para su identificación en el campo(CIMMYT, 1986) Prescott, J.M.; Burnett, P.A.; Saari, E.E.; Ransom, J.K.; Bowman, J.; De Milliano, W.A.J.; Singh, R.P.; Abeyo Bekele GeletaThis booklet is designed as a quick guide for identifying wheat and triticale diseases in the field. It is intended primarily for agricultural researchers, technicians, and farmers in developing nations, but will also be of value to others. The text comprises a brief description of the major wheat and triticale diseases, insect pests, nematodes, physiologic and genetic disorders, and mineral and environmental stresses. Complementing this text as an aid to identification are numerous color photographs, drawings, and a brief diagnostic key. Emphasis has been placed on economically significant diseases, but is not limited to them
Publication - Maize in Nepal: production systems, constraints and priorities for research(CIMMYT, 2001) Paudyal, K.R.; Ransom, J.K.; Rajbhandari, N.P.; Gerpacio, R.V.; Pingali, P.L.Maize cultivation is a way of life for most farmers in the hills of Nepal. It is a traditional crop cultivated as food, feed and fodder on slopping Bari land (rainfed upland) in the hills. It is grown under rainfed conditions during the summer (April-August) as a single crop or relayed with millet later in the season. In the terai, inner-terai, valleys, and low-lying river basin areas, maize is also grown in the winter and spring with irrigation. In 1997/1998, maize was grown on about 800,000 ha which represent 25% of the total area planted to cereals in Nepal. In the same period, 1,367,000 tons of maize were produced, representing about 21% of Nepal’s total cereal production. The proportion of maize area to total cereals was 30% in the highhills, 40% in the midhills and about 11% in the terai. Maize production as a proportion of total cereal production was 33% for the highhills, 39% for the midhills and 9% for the terai. More than two thirds of the maize produced in the midhills and highhills is used for direct human consumption at the farm level and the ratio of human consumption to total production is higher in less accessible areas. In the terai, less than 50% of the maize is used for human consumption and a significant part of the production goes to the market. Maize yields fluctuate seasonally and annually especially in the hills. Although maize yields increased slightly over the past five years, there has been very little yield improvement when compared to nationwide yields 30 years ago. This is probably due to the expansion of maize cultivation into less suitable terrain, declining soil fertility, and the sluggish adoption of improved management practices. While productivity in the country is almost stagnant, the overall demand for maize—driven by increased demand for human consumption and livestock feed— is expected to grow by 4% to 6 % per year over the next 20 years. Thus, Nepal will have to resort to maize imports in the future if productivity is not increased substantially. In 1999, the Hill Maize Research Project (HMRP) was initiated to provide new technologies to farmers to enable increased and sustainable maize production. The HMRP is funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and implemented by the National Maize Research Program (NMRP) of the Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), with technical assistance from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). The HMRP addresses a wide range of technology and technology dissemination needs from germplasm development and crop management to post harvest. It focuses on regions of Nepal where maize is important in terms of area and diet. The HMRP also supported the Rapid Rural Appraisals that were carried out for this study. This study is part of a project3 that promotes sustainable intensification of maize production systems while ensuring equitable income growth and improved food security for poor households that depend on maize. The project is funded by the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and implemented under the direct supervision of the CIMMYT Economics Program. Nepal is one of seven countries - China, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam - where the study is being carried out. As most of the increased demand for maize in Nepal is expected to come from resource poor farmers in slopping uplands in the midhills, the project focuses specifically on upland maize in the midhills.
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