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Likhayo, P.

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Likhayo
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Likhayo, P.
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0000-0002-8163-5459

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    Combined effect of hermetic bag and insect resistant variety for the control of larger grain borer and maize weevil in stored maize
    (International Journal of Science and Research, 2015) Likhayo, P.; Tadele Tefera; Mugo, S.N.; Mueke, J.
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    Maize grain stored in hermetic bags: effect of moisture and pest infestation on grain quality
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2018) Likhayo, P.; Bruce, A.Y.; Tadele Tefera; Mueke, J.
    Maize (Zea mays) is an important staple food crop produced by the majority of smallholder farmers that provides household food security through direct consumption and income generation. However, postharvest grain losses caused by insect pests during storage pose a major constraint to household food security. Hermetic storage technology is an alternative method that minimises postharvest losses by depleting oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide levels within the storage container through metabolic respiration of the grains, insects, and microorganism. Maize grain was stored for 180 days in hermetic bags or open-weave polypropylene bags to compare quality preservation when subject to initial grain moisture contents of 12, 14, 16, and 18 percent and infestation by Sitophilus zeamais. e moisture content of grain in hermetic bags remained unchanged while in polypropylene bags decreased. Dry grains (12% moisture content) stored well in hermetic bags and su ered 1.2% weight loss while for equivalent grains in polypropylene bags the weight loss was 35.8%. Moist grains (18% moisture content) recorded the lowest insect density (7 adults/kg grain) in hermetic bags while polypropylene bags had the highest (1273 adults/kg grain). Hermetic and polypropylene bags recorded the lowest (0–4 adults/kg grain) and highest (16–41 adults/kg grain) Prostephanus truncatus population, respectively. Discoloured grains were 4, 6, and 12 times more in grains at 14, 16, and 18 than 12 percent moisture content in hermetic bags. Grains at 18% moisture content recorded signicantly lower oxygen (10.2%) and higher carbon dioxide (18.9%) levels. Holes made by P. truncatus in the hermetic bags were observed. In conclusion, storage of moist grains (14–18% moisture content) in hermetic bags may pose health risk due to grain discolouration caused by fungal growth that produces mycotoxins if the grains enter the food chain. e study was on only one site which was hot and dry and further investigation under cool, hot, and humid conditions is required.
    Publication
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    Effects of insect population density and storage time on grain damage and weight loss in maize due to the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais and the larger grain borer Prostephanus truncatus
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Tadele Tefera; Mugo, S.N.; Likhayo, P.
    In the period 2007 to 2010, at localities Backi Maglic and Krivaja studies of weed seedbank were performed under soybean crop. Results showed that weed seed separated at Backi Maglic in all years dominated in the top soil layer, while the lowest quantities were separated from the deepest layer, and that number of weeds declined annually. At Krivaja, the lowest weed seed stocks were found in the top layer, and the highest in the deepest layer. At this locality, number of weed seeds kept rising from season to season, which was the consequence of application of different cultural practices.
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    Methods of screening maize for resistance to stem borers and post-harvest insect pests
    (CIMMYT, 2011) Tadele Tefera; Mugo, S.N.; Tende, R.; Likhayo, P.
    This manual is based on the work undertaken through the “Developing Maize Resistant to Stem Borer and Storage Insect Pests for Eastern and Southern Africa – IRMA III Conventional Project (2009−2013)”, funded by the Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture. We would like to acknowledge Dr B.M. Prasanna (Director, Global Maize Program, CIMMYT), for his inputs and guidance during preparation of this manual.
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    Mass rearing of stem borers, maize weevil, and larger grain borer insect pests of maize
    (CIMMYT, 2010) Tadele Tefera; Mugo, S.N.; Tende, R.; Likhayo, P.
    Variety screening studies require a consistent supply of large quantities of these pests at specified time periods. Stem borers are reared on an artificial diet in order to have dependable large and continuous supplies of insects for screening plant materials. The stem borer and post-harvest rearing facility has a significant impact on research focused at managing post-harvest insects and maize stem borer populations through host plant resistance. The rearing facility supports national and international research projects aimed at developing maize varieties that can be incorporated in integrated pest management of stem borers and post-harvest pests of maize. This manual will describe the methods used to rear stem borers, maize weevil and larger grain borer in the facilities at KARI - Katumani and KARI - Kiboko, both in Kenya.
    Publication