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Khanam, F.

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Khanam
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Khanam, F.

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Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Publication
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    User manual: How to use Agvisely to generate climate service advisories for livestock in Bangladesh
    (CIMMYT, 2023) Amjath-Babu, T.S; Khanam, F.; Krupnik, T.J.
    Publication
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    Spatially explicit database on crop-livestock management, soil, climate, greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potential for all of Bangladesh
    (Elsevier, 2021) Sapkota, T.; Khanam, F.; Mathivanan, G.P.; Vetter, S.H.; Hussain, S.G.; Pilat, A.L.; Sumona Shahrin; Hossain, M.K; Sarker, N.R.; Krupnik, T.J.
    Publication
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    Quantifying opportunities for greenhouse gas emissions mitigation using big data from smallholder crop and livestock farmers across Bangladesh
    (Elsevier, 2021) Sapkota, T.; Khanam, F.; Mathivanan, G.P.; Vetter, S.H.; Hussain, S.G.; Pilat, A.L.; Sumona Shahrin; Hossain, M.K; Sarker, N.R.; Krupnik, T.J.
    Publication
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    Participatory and institutional approaches to agricultural climate services: A south and southeast asia regional technical and learning exchange
    (CIMMYT, 2017) Krupnik, T.J.; Alam, A.; Zebiak, S.E.; Khanam, F.; Hossain, M.K; Kamal, M.; Miah, A.A.; Shahriar, S. M.; Khan, M. S. H.; Hussain, S.G.
    The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) define climate services as providing “… climate information in a way that assists decision making by individuals and organizations. Such services require appropriate engagement along with an effective access mechanism and must respond to user needs. Such services involve high-quality data from national and international databases on temperature, rainfall, wind, soil moisture and ocean conditions, as well as maps, risk and vulnerability analyses, assessments, and long-term projections and scenarios. Depending on the user’s needs, these data and information products may be combined with non-meteorological data, such as agricultural production, health trends, population distributions in high-risk areas, road and infrastructure maps for the delivery of goods, and other socio-economic variables.” Agricultural climate services collect, analyze and share climate information to ensure that farmers and other stakeholders have access to relevant information to make better-informed decisions. Some of these decisions might include how to manage livestock, and when and where to sow particular crops or varieties, as well as how to manage these crops (both in the field and after post-harvest) so that climate risks are mitigated. Weather-based crop insurance programs, and pest and disease early warning systems, in addition to seasonal yield predictions, are among the fastest growing agricultural climate services sectors. What, however is most important, is that climate information must be conveyed in ways that are decision-relevant. This requires a radical re-thinking of how many agricultural extension and ag-meteorological bulletins and advisories are produced and conveyed, with emphasis on involving farmers themselves in the development of appropriate climate information and participatory extension messaging. The ultimate goal is to empower farmers, extension agents, agricultural development organizations, and policy makers with knowledge and new insights. This will give them the capability to innovate and make informed decisions, so they are better equipped to respond to climatic variability to overcome climaterelated production and livelihood risks. Achieving this aim requires an ability to communicate across scientific disciplines, to establish the institutional arrangements to facilitate the exchange of climate information to and from farming communities. In order to share experience and boost capacity in agricultural climate services, a three-day workshop titled ‘Participatory and Institutional Approaches to Agricultural Climate Services Development: A South and South East Asia Regional Technical and Learning exchange” was held between September 17-19, 2017, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with more than 50 leaders in agricultural climate services from 11 countries attending. The workshop was sponsored by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) behalf of the Climate Services for Resilient Development (CSRD). The workshop was organized by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) alongside the SERVIR and Climate Services Support Activity and CSRD South Asian partners. CSRD is an international public-private partnership dedicated to promoting and enabling climate services to improve resilience to the impacts of climate variability and climate change, and to positively change behavior and affect policy in developing countries. CSRD is committed to delivering climate services - including the production, translation, transfer, and use of climate information - purposefully designed to enable policymakers and decision-makers to address significant problems and create solutions. Toward this end, CSRD promotes services that are user-centric and collaborative and effectively harness the power of information, technology, and innovation from around the world. CSRD’s founding partners are the government of the United States through USAID, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the government of the United Kingdom (through DFID and the UK Met Office), the American Red Cross, the Skoll Global Threats Fund, Esri, Google, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the Asian Development Bank. Focusing on South Asia, CSRD implementing partners include the Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD), the Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), CIMMYT, ICIMOD, the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), The University of Passo Fundo, and the University of Rhode Island. CSRD is also aligned with the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). CCAFS seeks to ensure a foodsecure world in the face of a variable and changing climate, through a strategic research-fordevelopment collaboration. It brings together agricultural, climate, environmental and social sciences to identify and address the most important interactions, synergies and trade-offs between climate change and agriculture. The three-day workshop was interactive and offered new opportunities to bring leaders working on participatory approaches and instructional arrangements for the development of relevant agricultural climate services from across South and South East Asia together in one location.
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    Climate change skepticism and index versus standard crop insurance demand in coastal Bangladesh
    (Springer Verlag, 2017) Akter, S.; Krupnik, T.J.; Khanam, F.
    This paper investigates if climate change skepticism, farmers’ fatalistic beliefs, and insurance plan design influence interest in crop weather insurance. While studies of the influence of fatalism on disaster preparedness are common, the ways in which fatalism influences climate change skepticism, and in turn affects farmers’ interest in crop insurance, have not been previously investigated. An additional objective was to understand farmers’ preferences for index versus standard insurance options, the former entailing damage compensation based on post-hazard assessment, the latter tying damage compensation to a set of weather parameter thresholds. A discrete choice experiment was conducted with maize farmers on a climate-risk prone island in coastal Bangladesh. Most farmers were insurance averse. Those who chose insurance were however significantly more likely to select standard as opposed to index-based insurance. Insurance demand was significantly and positively correlated with farmers’ concern about the adverse livelihood impacts of climate change. Farmers who exhibited fatalistic views regarding the consequences of climate change were significantly less likely to opt for insurance of either kind. These findings imply that the prospect for farmers’ investment in insurance is conditioned by their understanding of climate change risks and the utility of adaptation, in addition to insurance scheme design.
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    Mind the Gender Gap in Farmers’ Preferences for Weather-Index Insurance
    (CSISA, 2015) Akter, S.; Krupnik, T.J.; Rossi, F.J.; Khanam, F.
    Weather-related risks are major sources of farm income fluctuations for rural households in low-income countries. To buffer against such risks and to encourage investment in intensified and high-value production, weather-index insurance (WII) is increasingly suggested for smallholder farmers in Bangladesh. In a WII scheme, payouts occur when a specified weather parameter is surpassed, for example if seasonal rainfall falls below a specified threshold indicative of drought status. The chosen threshold must be objective, reliably measured and strongly positively correlated with the insured’s losses. With relatively less access to resources and assets to cope with disruptive storm events, women in Bangladesh tend to be among the poorest and the most vulnerable to weather shocks. Relative to their male counterparts, women experience gender gaps with less access to finance, inputs, education and associated agricultural extension services, indicating a lack of access to services and information that could help buffer against the negative impacts of weather-related production shocks. Eliminating gender gaps in agriculture by ensuring women farmers’ adequate and equal access to agricultural finance, while also reducing investment risks, is thus paramount to achieving Bangladesh’s development goals to eliminate extreme poverty and hunger and to promote gender equality through women’s empowerment.
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    The influence of gender and product design on farmers’ preferences for weather-indexed crop insurance
    (Elsevier, 2016) Akter, S.; Krupnik, T.J.; Rossi, F.J.; Khanam, F.
    Theoretically, weather-index insurance is an effective risk reduction option for small-scale farmers in low income countries. Renewed policy and donor emphasis on bridging gender gaps in development also emphasizes the potential social safety net benefits that weather-index insurance could bring to women farmers who are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change risk and have low adaptive capacity. To date, no quantitative studies have experimentally explored weather-index insurance preferences through a gender lens, and little information exists regarding gender-specific preferences for (and constraints to) smallholder investment in agricultural weather-index insurance. This study responds to this gap, and advances the understanding of preference heterogeneity for weather-index insurance by analysing data collected from 433 male and female farmers living on a climate change vulnerable coastal island in Bangladesh, where an increasing number of farmers are adopting maize as a potentially remunerative, but high-risk cash crop. We implemented a choice experiment designed to investigate farmers’ valuations for, and trade-offs among, the key attributes of a hypothetical maize crop weather-index insurance program that offered different options for bundling insurance with financial saving mechanisms. Our results reveal significant insurance aVersion among female farmers, irrespective of the attributes of the insurance scheme. Heterogeneity in insurance choices could however not be explained by differences in men’s and women’s risk and time preferences, or agency in making agriculturally related decisions. Rather, gendered differences in farmers’ level of trust in insurance institutions and financial literacy were the key factors driving the heterogeneous preferences observed between men and women. Efforts to fulfill gender equity mandates in climate-smart agricultural development programs that rely on weather-index insurance as a risk-abatement tool are therefore likely to require a strengthening of institutional credibility, while coupling such interventions with financial literacy programs for female farmers.
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