Person: Fetch, T.
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Fetch, T.
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- Mapping of Ug99 stem rust resistance in Canadian durum wheat(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Kumar, S.; Fetch, T.; Knox, R.; Singh, A.K.; Clarke, J.M.; DePauw, R.M.; Cuthbert, R.; Campbell, H.L.; Singh, D.; Bhavani, S.; Pozniak, C.; Meyer, B.; Clarke, F.R.
Publication - Stem rust resistance in wheat is suppressed by a subunit of the mediator complex(Nature Publishing Group, 2020) Hiebert, C. W.; Moscou, M.J.; Hewitt, T.; Steuernagel, B.; Hernández-Pinzón, I.; Green, P.; Pujol, V.; Peng Zhang; Rouse, M.N.; Yue Jin; McIntosh, R.A.; Upadhyaya, N.; Jianping Zhang; Bhavani, S.; Vrána, J.; Karafiátová, M.; Li Huang; Fetch, T.; Dolezel, J.; Wulff, B.B.H.; Lagudah, E.; Spielmeyer, W.
Publication - Detection of wheat stem rust races TTHSK and PTKTK in the Ug99 race group in Kenya in 2014(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2016) Fetch, T.; Zegeye, T.; Park, R.F.; Hodson, D.P.; Wanyera, R.Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, causes severe losses in wheat production under epidemic conditions. The detection of isolate Ug99 in east Africa (Pretorius et al. 2000) has raised global concerns of the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust. Since initial detection, 10 variants of Ug99 have been reported across 13 countries (Patpour et al. 2015). Wheat stem rust infection was widespread in Kenya in 2014. Fifty-two samples from common wheat were collected from the Mount Kenya and North, South, and Central Rift regions and analyzed for race identity in a level-3 biocontainment laboratory in Canada. Of these samples, 41 yielded viable spores for race pathotyping. Each sample was inoculated on 8-day-old seedlings of 20 single-gene differential lines using an inoculator, incubated for 16 h in a dew chamber in the dark, and subsequently moved to a growth cabinet set at 18 ± 1°C and 16-h photoperiod. Infected plants were rated 14 days postinoculation using a 0 to 4 infection type scale. Virulence analysis using the letter-code nomenclature system (Jin et al. 2008) identified two new races in the Ug99 race group from repeated experiments. Race TTHSK was identified from samples collected at Ngorengore (South Rift) and Njoro (field 13), which differs from the original Ug99 isolate (race TTKSK) by avirulence on gene Sr30. Race TTHSK is similar to race TTHST, which was detected previously by Newcomb et al. (manuscript in preparation). Race PTKTK was identified from samples collected at Rotian and Eor-Enkitok in the South Rift region, Cheplasgei and Kaplogoi in the North Rift region, and at the technology farm in Njoro in the Central Rift region. Race PTKTK differs from race PTKSK (first identified in 2007) by additional virulence to gene SrTmp, or alternatively differs from race TTKTK by avirulence to gene Sr21. Races TTKTK and TTKTT in the Ug99 race group with virulence to gene SrTmp were also found in 2014 (Patpour et al. 2015; Patpour et al. 2016). Virulence to SrTmp was detected soon after the deployment of the variety ‘Kenya Robin’ (which has SrTmp) in 2011. This report now brings the total number of variants in the Ug99 race group to 13 and highlights the importance of stem rust surveillance and race pathotyping, particularly in Kenya and surrounding countries in eastern Africa where evolution of new stem rust virulence is frequent.
Publication - Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 race group and implications for breeding programs(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2016) Newcomb, M.; Olivera Firpo, P.D.; Rouse, M.N.; Szabo, L.J.; Johnson, J.W.; Gale, S.; Luster, D.G.; Wanyera, R.; Macharia, G.; Bhavani, S.; Hodson, D.P.; Patpour, M.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Fetch, T.; Yue JinFrequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
Publication - Identification and mapping in spring wheat of genetic factors controlling stem rust resistance and the study of their epistatic interactions across multiple environments(Springer, 2013) Singh, A.; Knox, R.; DePauw, R.M.; Singh, A.K.; Cuthbert, R.; Campbell, H.L.; Singh, D.; Bhavani, S.; Fetch, T.; Clarke, F.R.Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is responsible for major production losses in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) around the world. The spread of stem rust race Ug99 and variants is a threat to worldwide wheat production and efforts are ongoing to identify and incorporate resistance. The objectives of this research were to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and to study their epistatic interactions for stem rust resistance in a population derived from the Canadian wheat cultivars AC Cadillac and Carberry. A doubled haploid (DH) population was developed and genotyped with DArT® and SSR markers. The parents and DH lines were phenotyped for stem rust severity and infection response to Ug99 and variant races in 2009, 2010 and 2011 in field rust nurseries near Njoro, Kenya, and to North American races in 2011 and 2012 near Swift Current, SK, Canada. Seedling infection type to race TTKSK was assessed in a bio-containment facility in 2009 and 2012 near Morden, MB. Eight QTL for stem rust resistance and three QTL for pseudo-black chaff on nine wheat chromosomes were identified. The phenotypic variance (PV) explained by the stem rust resistance QTL ranged from 2.4 to 48.8 %. AC Cadillac contributed stem rust resistance QTL on chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5B, 6D, 7B and 7D. Carberry contributed resistance QTL on 4B and 5A. Epistatic interactions were observed between loci on 4B and 5B, 4B and 7B, 6D and 3B, 6D and 5B, and 6D and 7B. The stem rust resistance locus on 6D interacted synergistically with 5B to improve the disease resistance through both crossover and non-crossover interactions depending on the environment. Results from this study will assist in planning breeding for stem rust resistance by maximizing QTL main effects and epistatic interactions.
Publication - Identification and mapping of leaf, stem and stripe rust resistance quantitative trait loci and their interactions in durum wheat(Springer Verlag, 2012) Singh, A.K.; Pandey, M.P.; Singh, A.K.; Knox, R.; Ammar, K.; Clarke, J.M.; Clarke, F.R.; Singh, R.P.; Pozniak, C.; DePauw, R.M.; McCallum, B.D.; Cuthbert, R.; Randhawa, H.S.; Fetch, T.Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.), stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. tritici Eriks.) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) cause major production losses in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). The objective of this research was to identify and map leaf, stripe and stem rust resistance loci from the French cultivar Sachem and Canadian cultivar Strongfield. A doubled haploid population from Sachem/Strongfield and parents were phenotyped for seedling reaction to leaf rust races BBG/BN and BBG/BP and adult plant response was determined in three field rust nurseries near El Batan, Obregon and Toluca, Mexico. Stripe rust response was recorded in 2009 and 2011 nurseries near Toluca and near Njoro, Kenya in 2010. Response to stem rust was recorded in field nurseries near Njoro, Kenya, in 2010 and 2011. Sachem was resistant to leaf, stripe and stem rust. A major leaf rust quantitative trait locus (QTL) was identified on chromosome 7B at Xgwm146 in Sachem. In the same region on 7B, a stripe rust QTL was identified in Strongfield. Leaf and stripe rust QTL around DArT marker wPt3451 were identified on chromosome 1B. On chromosome 2B, a significant leaf rust QTL was detected conferred by Strongfield, and at the same QTL, a Yr gene derived from Sachem conferred resistance. Significant stem rust resistance QTL were detected on chromosome 4B. Consistent interactions among loci for resistance to each rust type across nurseries were detected, especially for leaf rust QTL on 7B. Sachem and Strongfield offer useful sources of rust resistance genes for durum rust breeding.
Publication - Races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici with combined virulence to Sr13 and Sr9e in a field stem rust screening nursery in Ethiopia(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2012) Olivera Firpo, P.D.; Jin, Y.; Rouse, M.N.; Badebo, A.; Fetch, T.; Singh, R.P.; Yahyaoui, A.North American durum lines, selected for resistance to TTKSK (Ug99) and related races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Kenya, became susceptible in Debre Zeit, Ethiopia, suggesting the presence of stem rust races that were virulent to the TTKSK-effective genes in durum. The objective of this study was to characterize races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici present in the Debre Zeit, Ethiopia stem rust nursery. Three races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici were identified from 34 isolates: JRCQC, TRTTF, and TTKSK. Both races JRCQC and TRTTF possess virulence on stem rust resistance genes Sr13 and Sr9e, which may explain why many TTKSK-resistant durum lines tested in Kenya became susceptible in Debre Zeit. The Sr9e-Sr13 virulence combination is of particular concern because these two genes constitute major components of stem rust resistance in North American durum cultivars. In addition to Sr9e and Sr13 virulence, race TRTTF is virulent to at least three stem rust resistance genes that are effective to race TTKSK, including Sr36, SrTmp, and resistance conferred by the 1AL.1RS rye translocation. Race TRTTF is the first known race with virulence to the stem rust resistance carried by the 1AL.1RS translocation, which represents one of the few effective genes against TTKSK in winter wheat cultivars in the United States. Durum entries exhibiting resistant to moderately susceptible infection response at the Debre Zeit nursery in 2009 were evaluated for reaction to races JRCQC, TRTTF, and TTKSK at the seedling stage. In all, 47 entries were resistant to the three races evaluated at the seedling stage, whereas 26 entries exhibited a susceptible reaction. These results suggest the presence of both major and adult plant resistance genes, which would be useful in durum-wheat-breeding programs. A thorough survey of virulence in the population of P. graminis f. sp. tritici in Ethiopia will allow characterization of the geographic distribution of the races identified in the Debre Zeit field nursery.
Publication - First report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici races with virulence to wheat stem rust resistance genes Sr31 and Sr24 in Eritrea(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2011) Wolday, A.; Fetch, T.; Hodson, D.P.; Cao, W.; Briere, S.Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has historically been a major limiting factor in wheat production. Identification of isolate Ug99 in Uganda in 1999 highlighted the vulnerability of a large proportion of the global wheat crop a
Publication - Detection of virulence to resistance gene Sr24 within race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2008) Jin, Y.; Szabo, L.J.; Pretorius, Z.; Singh, R.P.; Ward, R.W.; Fetch, T.The stem rust resistance gene Sr24 is effective against most races of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, including race TTKS (syn. Ug99), and is used widely in commercial wheat cultivars worldwide. In 2006, susceptible infection responses were observed on wheat lines and cultivars carrying Sr24 in a field stem rust screening nursery at Njoro, Kenya. We derived 28 single-pustule isolates from stem rust samples collected from the 2006 Njoro nursery. The isolates were evaluated for virulence on 16 North American stem rust differential lines; on wheat lines carrying Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN; and on a wheat cultivar with a combination of Sr24 and Sr31. All isolates were identified as race TTKS with additional virulence on Sr31 and Sr38. These isolates were divided into two groups: group A (seven isolates and the two control isolates), producing a low infection type, and group B (21 isolates), producing a high infection type on Sr24, respectively. Isolates of group B represented a new variant of race TTKS with virulence to Sr24. Eighteen simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to examine the genetic relationship between these two groups of isolates in race TTKS and five North American races (MCCF, QCCQ, RCRS, RTHS, and TPMK) that are representative of distinct lineage groups. All isolates of race TTKS shared an identical SSR genotype and were clearly different from North American races. The virulence and SSR data indicated that the new variant of race TTKS with Sr24 virulence likely has arisen via mutation within the TTKS genetic lineage. We propose to revise the North American stem rust nomenclature system by the addition of four genes (Sr24, Sr31, Sr38, and SrMcN) as the fifth set. This revision recognizes the virulence on Sr31 and differentiates isolates within race TTKS into two separate races: TTKSK and TTKST, with avirulence and virulence on Sr24, respectively. The occurrence of race TTKST with combined virulence on Sr24 and Sr31 has substantially increased the vulnerability of wheat to stem rust worldwide.
Publication - Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici.(American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2007) Jin, Y.; Singh, R.P.; Ward, R.W.; Wanyera, R.; Kinyua, M.G.; Njau, P.N.; Fetch, T.; Pretorius, Z.; Yahyaoui, A.Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, historically was one of the most destructive diseases of wheat and barley. The disease has been under effective control worldwide through the widespread use of host resistance. A number of stem rust resistance genes in wheat have been characterized for their reactions to specific races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. Adult plant responses to race TTKS (also known as Ug99) of monogenic lines for Sr genes, a direct measurement of the effectiveness for a given gene, have not been investigated to any extent. This report summarizes adult plant infection responses and seedling infection types for monogenic lines of designated Sr genes challenged with race TTKS. High infection types at the seedling stage and susceptible infection responses in adult plants were observed on monogenic lines carrying Sr5, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 9d, 9g, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 31, 34, 38, and Wld-1. Monogenic lines of resistance genes Sr13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 44, Tmp, and Tt-3 were effective against TTKS both at the seedling and adult plant stages. The low infection types to race TTKS observed for these resistance genes corresponded to the expected low infections of these genes to other incompatible races of P. graminis f. sp. tritici. The level of resistance conferred by these genes at the adult plant stage varied between highly resistant to moderately susceptible. The results from this study were inconclusive for determining the effectiveness of resistance genes Sr9e, 14, 21, and 29 against race TTKS. The understanding of the effectiveness of individual Sr genes against race TTKS will facilitate the utilization of these genes in breeding for stem rust resistance in wheat.
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