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Abstract

Las gluteninas y las gliadinas del trigo harinero (Triticum aestivum L.) tienen una función fundamental en la definición de la calidad de panificación. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la composición de las subunidades de gluteninas de alto (G–APM) y bajo (G–BPM) peso molecular, y de las ω–gliadinas, en 72 progenitores usados por el programa de fitomejoramiento de trigo harinero para temporal del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (CEVAMEX–INIFAP) y en 600 líneas F6 derivadas de cruzas entre variedades de diferentes grupos de calidad y sus progenitores, se analizaron mediante electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida con dodecil sulfato de sodio. En el grupo de progenitores se encontraron 10 alelos que codifican para G–APM: 2 en Glu–A1; 6 en Glu–B1 y 2 en Glu–D1. En G–BPM se encontraron 14 alelos: 4 en Glu–A3; 7 en Glu–B3 y 3 en Glu–D3; los loci Glu–B3 y Glu–B1 presentaron mayor diversidad. Con base en las variantes alélicas, de los loci Glu–1 y Glu–3, las líneas derivadas de Gálvez M87 x Bacanora T88 se agruparon en 19 combinaciones distintas, mientras que en Rebeca F2000XVerano S91 y Gálvez M87 x Verano S91, se encontraron 16 y 14. La caracterización de G–APM y G–BPM permitirá realizar cruzamientos dirigidos de forma específica para obtener combinaciones de gluteninas deseables, así como hacer más eficiente la selección en el programa de fitomejoramiento. Además, las líneas producto de las cruzas analizadas permitirán entender mejor los efectos genéticos de las G–BPM, ω–gliadinas y de la translocación 1BL/1RS (proteínas secalinas) en la calidad de la masa de panificación.


Glutenins and gliadins of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have a key role in defining the baking quality. In order to characterize the composition of glutenin subunits with high (HMW-G) and low (LMW-G) molecular weight, and the-gliadins in 72 parents used in the breeding program for rainfed bread wheat of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias (CEVAMEX-INIFAP) and in 600 F6 lines derived from crosses between varieties of different quality groups and their parents, were analyzed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate. In the group of parents 10 alleles were found which code for HMW-G: 2 in Glu-A1; 6 in Glu-B1 and 2 in Glu-D1. In LMW-G 14 alleles were found: 4 in Glu-A3; 7 in Glu-B3 and 3 in Glu-D3; Glu-B3 and Glu-B1 loci presented higher diversity. Based on the allelic variants, of the Glu-1 and Glu-3 loci, the lines derived of Galvez M87 Bacanora T88 were grouped in 19 different combinations, while in Rebeca F2000 Verano S91 and Galvez M87 Verano S91 were found 16 and 14. The characterization of HMW-G and LMW-G will allow making crosses specifically tailored to obtain combinations of desired glutenins, as well as to carry out more efficiently the selection in the breeding program. Moreover, the lines which are product of crosses analyzed will allow to understand best the genetic effects of the LMW-G, -gliadins and of the 1BL/1RS translocation (secaline proteins) in the bread-making quality

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Journal
Agrociencia
Journal volume
44
Journal issue
2
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Colegio de Postgraduados
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