Estimation of optimum plot dimensions and replication number for wheat experimentation in Ethiopia

Abstract

Bread wheat was row and broadcast sown using uniform crop management practices on a research station soil classified as a haplic Nitisol, situated in a major wheat producing region of Ethiopia, during the 1996 and 1997 crop seasons. The harvested area was divided into basic units measuring 1 m by 1 m. Resultant basic unit grain yields were combined to simulate different plot sizes and shapes, and Smith's empirical model and subsequent derivations were used to estimate soil heterogeneity. The broadcast sown trials generally resulted in lower estimates of soil heterogeneity, higher coefficients of variation, and higher values for adjacent plot correlation due to both modified inter-plant competition, and a more variable distribution of wheat plants and basal fertiliser within plots. Parameter estimates from the broadcast sown trials were less consistent over the two year trial period relative to those from the row sown trials. The analyses suggested a marginal superiority for square plot shapes for broadcast sown trials, while for row sown trials rectangular and square plot shapes were equally precise in measuring soil heterogeneity. A comparison of the trial design parameters currently favoured by wheat researchers in Ethiopia with the optimal parameters estimated in the current study suggests that: (a) the design characteristics of broadcast sown wheat agronomic trials appear close to optimal, but (b) the net plot areas harvested from row sown wheat breeding trials are markedly suboptimal.