Wheat diseases in India were last summarized in 1961. During the last 2 years extensive nationwide disease surveys were made. This paper describes the current situation for rust and smuts only. The three rusts, brown, yellow and black rusts, were widespread and the most important diseases of wheat in India. Loose smut was generally distributed throughout the country, but flag smut, bunt, and karnal smut were important only in certain areas. The resistance of the major dwarf wheats to the diseases was indicated when known.