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Guera, O. G. M., Villa-Alcántara, J., Núñez-Peñaloza, O., Verhulst, N., & Fonteyne, S. (2025). Mejor rendimiento y rentabilidad de maíz en el trópico húmedo mediante camas permanentes, residuos de cultivos y rotación con frijoles. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5756
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Antecedentes: El estado de Oaxaca tiene diversas zonas agroecológicas que requieren estudios locales para evaluar prácticas agrícolas sustentables. La región del Papaloapan se caracteriza por tener suelos degradados, situación que es agravada por las pendientes pronunciadas, las altas precipitaciones y la predominancia de suelos luvisólicos, susceptibles a erosionarse en la superficie y compactarse en el subsuelo (piso de arado). Una alternativa para reducir la degradación podría ser la agricultura de conservación, pero su exitosa implementación y adopción masiva requiere de estudios que adapten sus componentes (mínimo movimiento del suelo, cobertura permanente del suelo y diversificación de cultivos) a las condiciones locales. Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos combinados de los componentes de la agricultura de conservación en el rendimiento y rentabilidad del maíz (Zea mays L.). Metodología. De 2014 a 2019, se empleó un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados (DBCA) para evaluar ocho tratamientos resultantes de la combinación de prácticas de labranza (labranza convencional, cero labranza y camas permanentes), manejo de rastrojos, rotaciones de cultivos (Mucuna pruriens y Phaseolus vulgaris L.), diferentes fórmulas de fertilización y mejoradores de suelo. Resultados. El maíz rotado con frijol en camas permanentes con retención de rastrojo presentó en promedio un rendimiento de 5.2 Mg ha-1, una utilidad neta de $16,517.00 MXN ha-1 y una relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C) de 1.69, presentando así mejor desempeño que el tratamiento testigo (labranza convencional sin rotación de cultivos, el cual presentó un rendimiento promedio de 5.1 Mg ha-1, $7,721.00 MXN ha-1 de utilidad neta y 1.53 de relación Beneficio/Costo). Incluso sin rotación de cultivos, los sistemas con camas permanentes con rastrojo mostraron rendimientos de maíz superiores a los de cero labranza y similares a los de labranza convencional. Implicaciones. El maíz sembrado en primavera-verano y rotado con frijol en otoño-invierno en camas permanentes con rastrojo presenta un rendimiento similar al del sistema convencional y una mayor utilidad neta. Conclusión. La agricultura de conservación, en su variante de camas permanentes, con retención de rastrojo y rotación maíz-frijol es una opción viable para la producción agrícola sustentable en el trópico húmedo como en el Papaloapan.
Background. Oaxaca is a Mexican state with diverse agroecological regions, necessitating local studies to evaluate sustainable agricultural practices. The region of Papaloapan, Oaxaca, is characterized by soil degradation, aggravated by steep slopes, high rainfall and the predominance of luvisolic soils, which are prone to erosion on the surface and compaction in the subsoil (plow sole). An alternative to reduce soil degradation could be conservation agriculture, but its successful implementation and mass adoption will require studies to adapt its components (minimum soil movement, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification) to local conditions. Objective. To evaluate the combined effects of conservation agriculture components on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and profitability. Methodology. From 2014 to 2019, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to evaluate eight treatments resulting from the combination of tillage practices (conventional tillage, no-tillage, and permanent beds), crop residue management, crop rotation (Mucuna pruriens and Phaseolus vulgaris L.), different fertilization formulas, and soil amendments. Results. Maize rotated with beans in permanent beds with crop residue showed an average yield of 5.2 Mg ha-1, a net profit of $16,517.00 MXN ha-1, and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, demonstrating better performance than the control treatment (conventional tillage without crop rotation, 5.1 Mg ha-1, $7,721.00 MXN ha-1, and 1.53). Even without crop rotation, systems with permanent beds and crop residue showed maize yields superior to zero tillage and like conventional tillage. Implications. Maize in spring-summer rotated with beans in autumn-winter in permanent beds with residue retention yields similar to the conventional system and produces higher net profit. Conclusion. Conservation agriculture in its variant of permanent beds with crop residue and maize-bean rotation is a viable option for sustainable agricultural production in the humid tropics such as the Papaloapan.
Background. Oaxaca is a Mexican state with diverse agroecological regions, necessitating local studies to evaluate sustainable agricultural practices. The region of Papaloapan, Oaxaca, is characterized by soil degradation, aggravated by steep slopes, high rainfall and the predominance of luvisolic soils, which are prone to erosion on the surface and compaction in the subsoil (plow sole). An alternative to reduce soil degradation could be conservation agriculture, but its successful implementation and mass adoption will require studies to adapt its components (minimum soil movement, permanent soil cover, and crop diversification) to local conditions. Objective. To evaluate the combined effects of conservation agriculture components on maize (Zea mays L.) yield and profitability. Methodology. From 2014 to 2019, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to evaluate eight treatments resulting from the combination of tillage practices (conventional tillage, no-tillage, and permanent beds), crop residue management, crop rotation (Mucuna pruriens and Phaseolus vulgaris L.), different fertilization formulas, and soil amendments. Results. Maize rotated with beans in permanent beds with crop residue showed an average yield of 5.2 Mg ha-1, a net profit of $16,517.00 MXN ha-1, and a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, demonstrating better performance than the control treatment (conventional tillage without crop rotation, 5.1 Mg ha-1, $7,721.00 MXN ha-1, and 1.53). Even without crop rotation, systems with permanent beds and crop residue showed maize yields superior to zero tillage and like conventional tillage. Implications. Maize in spring-summer rotated with beans in autumn-winter in permanent beds with residue retention yields similar to the conventional system and produces higher net profit. Conclusion. Conservation agriculture in its variant of permanent beds with crop residue and maize-bean rotation is a viable option for sustainable agricultural production in the humid tropics such as the Papaloapan.
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Journal
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Journal volume
28
Journal issue
2
Article number
060
Place of Publication
Mexico
Publisher
Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan
Donor or Funder
Secretaría de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural (SADER)
CGIAR Trust Fund
CGIAR Trust Fund
Related Datasets
CGIAR
Initiative
AgriLAC Resiliente