The production of wheat germplasm with resistance to high temperature increases in importance with world wheat demand. Temperatures considered above optimal for wheat growth and development of presently grown varieties are usually found in most tropical and subtropical environments during the growing season or at least part of it. In this Special Report, two complementary approaches are presented that are shown to help in adaptation and grain yield of wheat under high temperatures. One looks at membrane thermostability as a heat resistance trait. The other examines the role of evaporative cooling through transpiration, a particularly useful mechanism in hot and dry environments. Practical screening methodologies are provided in both cases.