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APA citation
Nayak, H., Silva, J. V., Parihar, C., Kakraliya, S. K., Krupnik, T. J., Bijarniya, D., Jat, M., Sharma, P. C., Jat, H., Sidhu, H., & Sapkota, T. B. (2022). Rice yield gaps and nitrogen-use efficiency in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: Evidence based insights from heterogeneous farmers’ practices. Field Crops Research, 275, 108328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108328
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Abstract
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A large database of individual farmer field data (n = 4,107) for rice production in the Northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India was used to decompose rice yield gaps and to investigate the scope to reduce nitrogen (N) inputs without compromising yields. Stochastic frontier analysis was used to disentangle efficiency and resource yield gaps, whereas data on rice yield potential in the region were retrieved from the Global Yield Gap Atlas to estimate the technology yield gap. Rice yield gaps were small (ca. 2.7 t ha−1, or 20% of potential yield, Yp) and mostly attributed to the technology yield gap (ca. 1.8 t ha−1, or ca. 15% of Yp). Efficiency and resource yield gaps were negligible (less than 5% of Yp in most districts). Small yield gaps were associated with high input use, particularly irrigation water and N, for which small yield responses were observed. N partial factor productivity (PFP-N) was 45–50 kg grain kg−1 N for fields with efficient N management and approximately 20% lower for the fields with inefficient N management. Improving PFP-N appears to be best achieved through better matching of N rates to the variety types cultivated and by adjusting the amount of urea applied in the 3rd split in correspondance with the amount of diammonium-phosphate applied earlier in the season. Future studies should assess the potential to reduce irrigation water without compromising rice yield and to broaden the assessment presented here to other indicators and at the cropping systems level.
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Journal
Field Crops Research
Journal volume
275
Journal issue
Article number
108328
Place of Publication
Amsterdam (Netherlands)
Publisher
Elsevier
Related Datasets
CGIAR Initiatives
Initiative
Transforming Agrifood Systems in South Asia
Impact Area
Nutrition, health & food security
Action Area
Resilient Agrifood Systems
Donor or Funder
United States Agency for International Development (USAID)
CGIAR Trust Fund
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
CGIAR Trust Fund
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)