Person: Biljon, A.
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Biljon
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A.
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Biljon, A.
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0000-0001-9489-5623 10 results
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- Genotype × environment interaction and grain yield stability of quality protein maize hybrids under stress and non-stress environments(Informa Healthcare, 2024) Bitew Tilahun Engida; Tarekegne, A.T.; Dagne Wegary Gissa; Biljon, A.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Determining factors of durum wheat bread loaf volume and alveograph characteristics under optimal, drought and heat stress conditions(Academic Press Inc., 2023) Labuschagne, M.; Guzman, C.; Crossa, J.; Biljon, A.
Publication - Genetic variation of zinc and iron concentration in normal, provitamin A and quality protein maize under stress and non-stress conditions(MDPI, 2023) Goredema-Matongera, N.; Ndhlela, T.; Biljon, A.; Kamutando, C.N.; Cairns, J.E.; Baudron, F.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Predicting zinc-enhanced maize hybrid performance under stress conditions(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Goredema-Matongera, N.; Ndhlela, T.; Biljon, A.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Combining ability and testcross performance of multi-nutrient maize under stress and non-stress environments(Frontiers Media, 2023) Goredema-Matongera, N.; Ndhlela, T.; Biljon, A.; Kamutando, C.N.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Genotype x environment interaction and yield stability of normal and biofortified maize inbred lines in stress and non-stress environments(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Goredema-Matongera, N.; Ndhlela, T.; Biljon, A.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Multinutrient biofortification of maize (Zea mays L.) in Africa: current status, opportunities and limitations(MDPI, 2021) Goredema-Matongera, N.; Ndhlela, T.; Magorokosho, C.; Kamutando, C.N.; Biljon, A.; Labuschagne, M.
Publication - Genetic diversity among selected elite CIMMYT maize hybrids in East and Southern Africa(Crop Science Society of America, 2017) Masuka, B.; Biljon, A.; Cairns, J.E.; Das, B.; Labuschagne, M.; MacRobert, J.; Makumbi, D.; Magorokosho, C.; Zaman-Allah, M.; Ogugo, V.; Olsen, M.; Prasanna, B.M.; Tarekegne, A.T.; Semagn, K.Genetic gain within the CIMMYT Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) hybrid maize (Zea mays L.) breeding program from 2000 to 2010 was recently estimated at 0.85 to 2.2% yr−1 under various environmental conditions. Over 100 varieties were disseminated from CIMMYT to farmers in ESA, hence the need to check genetic diversity and frequency of use of parents to avoid potential narrowing down of the genetic base. Fifty-five parents from CIMMYT ESA used in the hybrids were fingerprinted using genotyping-by-sequencing. Data analysis in TASSEL and MEGA6 generated pairwise genetic distances between parents of 0.004 to 0.4005. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis produced two clusters (I and II) with two subclusters each (A and B) and two sub-subclusters (IAi and IAii). Principal coordinate analysis produced three clusters where IAi and IIA from the UPGMA analysis formed independent clusters while IAii, IB, and IIB clustered together. Lines were separated by pedigree and origin. Ninety-five percent frequency of pairwise genetic distances ranged between 0.2001 and 0.4000. However, only four of the 55 parents (CML444, CML395, CML312, and CML442) were each used in 15 to 30 of the 52 hybrids evaluated in the genetic gain study. The remaining 51 were used in one to four hybrids. Frequent use of the four parents gave 29 to 58% of the hybrids a narrow genetic base, posing risk in case of pest or disease outbreaks. Parents evaluated do not represent the genetic base of CIMMYT ESA but parents of the best-performing hybrids selected from 2000 to 2010. Breeders should ensure a wide genetic base for released varieties to avoid breakdown in case of pest or disease outbreaks.
Publication - Gains in maize genetic improvement in Eastern and Southern Africa: II. CIMMYT open-pollinated variety breeding pipeline(Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), 2017) Masuka, B.; Magorokosho, C.; Olsen, M.; Atlin, G.; Banziger, M.; Pixley, K.V.; Vivek, B.; Labuschagne, M.; Matemba-Mutasa, R.; Burgueño, J.; MacRobert, J.; Prasanna, B.M.; Das, B.; Makumbi, D.; Tarekegne, A.T.; Crossa, J.; Zaman-Allah, M.; Biljon, A.; Cairns, J.E.Open-pollinated varieties (OP Vs) still represent a significant proportion of the maize (Zea mays L.) seed system in many countries of sub- Saharan Africa. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) has been breeding improved maize varieties for the stress-prone environments experienced by most smallholder farmers in eastern and southern Africa for over 30 yr. Hybrid breeding is now the major focus of the CIMMYT breeding pipeline. However, OP Vs are generated within the hybrid pipeline. This is the first study to document genetic gain for maize grain yield under both optimal and stress (random and managed drought, low nitrogen [N], and maize streak virus [MSV]) conditions within the CIMMYT eastern and southern African OP V breeding pipeline. Genetic gain was estimated using the slope of the regression on the year of OP V release in regional trials over a 12-yr period (1999–2011). Open-pollinated varieties were separated into two maturity groups, early (<70 d to anthesis) and intermediate-late (>70 d to anthesis). Genetic gain in the early maturity group under optimal conditions, random drought, low N, and MSV was 109.9, 29.2, 84.8, and 192.9 kg ha−1 yr−1. In the intermediate-late maturity group, genetic gain under optimal conditions, random drought, low N, and MSV was 79.1, 42.3, 53.0 and 108.7 kg ha−1 yr−1. No significant yield gains were made under managed drought stress for both maturity groups. Our results show continued improvement in OP Vs for both yield potential and stress tolerance.
Publication - Gains in maize genetic improvement in Eastern and Southern Africa: I. CIMMYT hybrid breeding pipeline(Crop Science Society of America (CSSA), 2017) Masuka, B.; Atlin, G.; Olsen, M.; Magorokosho, C.; Labuschagne, M.; Crossa, J.; Banziger, M.; Pixley, K.V.; Vivek, B.; Biljon, A.; MacRobert, J.; Alvarado Beltrán, G.; Prasanna, B.M.; Makumbi, D.; Tarekegne, A.T.; Das, B.; Zaman-Allah, M.; Cairns, J.E.Monitoring of genetic gain in crop genetic improvement programs is necessary to measure the efficiency of the program. Periodic measurement of genetic gain also allows the efficiency of new technologies incorporated into a program to be quantified. Genetic gain within the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) breeding program for eastern and southern Africa were estimated using time series of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. A total of 67 of the best-performing hybrids from regional trials from 2000 to 2010 were selected to form an era panel and evaluated in 32 trials in eight locations across six countries in eastern and southern Africa. Treatments included optimal management, managed and random drought stress, low-nitrogen (N) stress and maize streak virus (MSV) infestation. Genetic gain was estimated as the slope of the regression of grain yield on the year of hybrid release. Genetic gain under optimal conditions, managed drought, random drought, low N, and MSV were estimated to have increased by 109.4, 32.5, 22.7, 20.9 and 141.3 kg ha−1 yr−1, respectively. These results are comparable with genetic gain in maize yields in other regions of the world. New technologies to further increase the rate of genetic gain in maize breeding for eastern and southern Africa are also discussed.
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