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Morgounov, A.

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Morgounov
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Morgounov, A.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 36
  • Genetic gains in wheat in Turkey: winter wheat for dryland conditions
    (Elsevier, 2017) Keser, M.; Gummadov, N.; Akin, B.; Belen, S.; Mert, Z.; Taner, S.; Topal, A.; Yazar, S.; Morgounov, A.; Sharma, R.; Ozdemir, F.
    Wheat breeders in Turkey have been developing new varieties since the 1920s, but few studies have evaluated the rates of genetic improvement. This study determined wheat genetic gains by evaluating 22 winter/facultative varieties released for rainfed conditions between 1931 and 2006. The study was conducted at three locations in Turkey during 2008–2012, with a total of 21 test sites. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates in 2008 and 2009 and three replicates in 2010–2012. Regression analysis was conducted to determine genetic progress over time. Mean yield across all 21 locations was 3.34 t ha−1 , but varied from 1.11 t ha−1 to 6.02 t ha−1 and was highly affected by moisture stress. Annual genetic gain was 0.50% compared to Ak-702, or 0.30% compared to the first modern landmark varieties. The genetic gains in drought-affected sites were 0.75% compared to Ak-702 and 0.66% compared to the landmark varieties. Modern varieties had both improved yield potential and tolerance to moisture stress. Rht genes and rye translocations were largely absent in the varieties studied. The number of spikes per unit area decreased by 10% over the study period, but grains spike−1 and 1000-kernel weight increased by 10%. There were no significant increases in harvest index, grain size, or spike fertility, and no significant decrease in quality over time. Future use of Rht genes and rye translocations in breeding programs may increase yield under rainfed conditions.
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  • Marker-trait associations for enhancing agronomic performance, disease resistance, and grain quality in synthetic and bread wheat accessions in Western Siberia
    (Genetics Society of America, 2019) Bhatta, M.R.; Shamanin, V.; Shepelev, S.; Baenziger, P.S.; Pozherukova, V.E.; Pototskaya, I.V.; Morgounov, A.
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  • Genome-wide association study for multiple biotic stress resistance in synthetic hexaploid wheat
    (MDPI, 2019) Bhatta, M.R.; Morgounov, A.; Belamkar, V.; Wegulo, S.N.; Dababat, A.A.; Erginbas Orakci, G.; Moustapha El Bouhssini; Gautam, P.; Poland, J.; Akci, N.; Demir, L.; Wanyera, R.; Baenziger, P.S.
    Genetic resistance against biotic stress is a major goal in many wheat breeding programs. However, modern wheat cultivars have a limited genetic variation for disease and pest resistance and there is always a possibility of the evolution of new diseases and pests to overcome previously identified resistance genes. A total of 125 synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs; 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD, Triticum aestivum L.) were characterized for resistance to fungal pathogens that cause wheat rusts (leaf; Puccinia triticina, stem; P. graminis f.sp. tritici, and stripe; P. striiformis f.sp. tritici) and crown rot (Fusarium spp.); cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera spp.); and Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor). A wide range of genetic variation was observed among SHWs for multiple (two to five) biotic stresses and 17 SHWs that were resistant to more than two stresses. The genomic regions and potential candidate genes conferring resistance to these biotic stresses were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). This GWAS study identified 124 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for multiple biotic stresses and 33 of these were found within genes. Furthermore, 16 of the 33 MTAs present within genes had annotations suggesting their potential role in disease resistance. These results will be valuable for pyramiding novel genes/genomic regions conferring resistance to multiple biotic stresses from SHWs into elite bread wheat cultivars and providing further insights on a wide range of stress resistance in wheat.
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  • International Winter Wheat Improvement Program: history, activities, impact and future
    (Higher Education Press, 2019) Morgounov, A.; Ozdemir, F.; Keser, M.; Akin, B.; Payne, T.S.; Braun, H.J.
    International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) was established in 1986 between the Government of Turkey and CIMMYT with three main objectives: (1) develop winter/facultative germplasm for Central and West Asia, (2) facilitate global winter wheat germplasm exchange, and (3) training wheat scientists. ICARDA joined the program in 1991 making it a three-way partnership that continues to work effectively. The germplasm developed by IWWIP as well as the winter wheat cultivars and lines received from global cooperators are assembled into international nurseries. These nurseries are offered annually to public and private entities (IWWIP website) and distributed to more than 100 cooperators in all continents. IWWIP impact has primarily been in new winter wheat cultivars combining broad adaptation, high yield potential, drought tolerance and disease resistance. A total of 93 IWWIP cultivars have been released in 11 countries occupying annually an estimated 2.5–3.0 Mha. IWWIP cooperation with researchers in Turkey, Central and West Asia and several US universities has resulted in a number of publications reviewed in this paper. Important IWWIP impacts include national inventories of wheat landraces in Turkey, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, their collection, characterization, evaluation and utilization.
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  • Primary hexaploid synthetics: novel sources of wheat disease resistance
    (Elsevier, 2019) Shamanin, V.; Shepelev, S.; Pozherukova, V.E.; Gultyaeva, E.; Kolomiets, T.; Pakholkova, E.V.; Morgounov, A.
    Climate change is leading to increased occurrence of and yield losses to wheat diseases. Managing these diseases by introducing new, effective and diverse resistance genes into cultivars represents an important component of sustainable wheat production. In 2016 and 2017 a set of primary hexaploid synthetic wheat was studied under high disease pressure: powdery mildew, leaf and stem rust in Omsk; Septoria tritici and S. nodorum in Moscow. A total of 28 synthetics (19 CIMMYT synthetics and 9 Japanese synthetics) were selected as having combined resistance to at least two diseases in both years of testing. Two synthetics (entries 13 and 18) originating from crosses between winter durum wheat Ukrainka odesskaya-1530.94 and various Aegilopes taushii accessions, and four synthetics (entries 20, 21, 23 and 24) from cross between Canadian durum wheat Langdon and Ae. taushii were resistant to all four pathogens. Pathological and molecular markers evaluation of resistance suggests presence of new genes and diverse types of resistance. The novel genetic sources of disease resistance identified in this study can be successfully utilized in wheat breeding.
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  • Determination of resistance in winter wheat genotypes to the dryland root rots caused by Fusarium culmorum in Turkey
    (Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 2018) Erginbas Orakci, G.; Morgounov, A.; Dababat, A.A.
    The dryland root rot (foot/crown) caused by Fusarium spp. attacks cereals especially wheat and causes severe yield loss by reducing both grain quantity and quality. Among those Fusarium species attacking wheat crop is the Fusarium culmorum species which has been reported as the main crown rot causal agent in Turkey. Unfortunately, up-to-date, there is only some wheat genotypes with partial resistant to Fusarium spp. Therefore, this study was carried out to find new sources of resistance in diverse wheat genotypes to limit the damage caused by Fusarium disease. In this study, a total of 141 genotypes and breeding lines were obtained from 19 different countries, provided via the International Winter Wheat Improvement Program (IWWIP) and screened for their resistance reactions to a local isolate of Fusarium culmorum under three different environmental conditions (growth room, greenhouse and field) in Turkey in 2012. The best performed genotypes in terms of resistant were then rescreened in 2013 for data validation. Out of the 141 phenotyped wheat genotypes, 17 genotypes (12 %) ranked as moderately resistant (MR) at seedling and/or adult growth stage. The genotypes from Mexico seemed to have adult plant resistant rather than seedling resistance which was higher in the USA genotypes. Winter bread wheats PATWIN YR5 and TAST/SPRW//ZAR/5/YUANDONG 3/4/PPB8- 68/CHRC/3/PYN//TAM101/AMIGO which possess high level of resistance seem promising for breeding for foot rot.
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  • Morphometric parameters of the rooting system and productivity of plants in synthetic line of spring soft wheat in conditions of western siberia in connection with drought resistance
    (Board of the Agricultural Biology magazine, 2018) Shamanin, V.; Pototskaya, I.V.; Shepelev, S.; Pozherukova, V.E.; Morgounov, A.
    В условиях Западной Сибири засуха проявляется в начальный период вегетации, и засушливость в июне—начале июля все возрастает, о чем свидетельствуют данные изменения гидротермического коэффициента. Потепление климата и участившиеся засушливые годы определяют приоритетность селекции на повышение засухоустойчивости сортов пшеницы, позволяющее получать стабильные урожаи по годам. В представленной работе проведена оценка фенотипических различий между линиями гексаплоидной синтетической пшеницы по основным параметрам корневой системы и показано их преимущество перед стандартными сортами по эффективности функционирования в более глубоких слоях почвы. В 2016-2017 годах в условиях Западной Сибири мы изучали синтетические линии, созданные в CIMMYT посредством гибридизации сортов твердой пшеницы Aisberg, Leucurum 84693, Ukr-Od 952.92, Ukr-Od 1530.94 (г. Одесса, Украина) и Рandur (Румыния) (Triticum durum Desf., геном АВ) с различными образцами Aegilops tauschii Coss. (синоним Ae. squarrosa, геном D) из района Каспийского бассейна, а также 15 синтетических линий университета Киото (Япония). Выявлена высокая вариабельность генотипов по основным параметрам корневой системы в гибридных комбинациях с участием разных форм эгилопсов. Линии комбинаций Aisberg/Ae.sq.(369), Ukr-Od 952.92/Ae.sq.(1031), Ukr-Od 1530.94/Ae.sq.(458) и UkrOd 1530.94/Ae.sq.(629) имели хорошо развитую корневую систему: суммарная длина корней оставила 73,9-141,1 см, площадь корней — 16,6-25,3 см2, число кончиков корней — 98-235 шт., биомасса корней — 0,75-0,87 г. Сравнение числа зародышевых корней у линий синтетиков, созданных с участием разных эгилопсов, показало, что 5-6-корешковые формы характерны в основном для форм, полученных на основе образцов эгилопса из Ирана — Ae.sq.(223), Ae.sq.(310), провинция Джилан; Ae.sq.(1031), провинция Занжан, а также Ae.sq.(409) из Дагестана. В статье приведены коэффициенты корреляции между основными количественными признаками растений и параметрами корневой системы у синтетических линий пшеницы. Установлено, что высота растений может служить маркерным признаком при отборе генотипов с лучшей корневой системой и, следовательно, более засухоустойчивых в условиях Западной Сибири. Линии синтетиков №№ 18, 28, 32, 38 Аisberg/Ae.sq.(369), № 37 Ukr-Od 1530.94/Ae.sq.(310), № 59 Ukr-Od 30.94/Ae.sq. (1027), № 61 Pandur/Ae.sq.(409) и № 36 Aisberg/Ae.sq.(369)//Demir, выделившиеся по элементам продуктивности колоса и параметрам корневой системы, рекомендуется использовать в качестве исходного материала для селекции на засухоустойчивость в условиях Западной Сибири.
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  • Wheat quality improvement at CIMMYT
    (CIMMYT, 2018) Guzman, C.; Mondal, S.; Velu, G.; Huerta-Espino, J.; Crespo Herrera, L.A.; Dreisigacker, S.; Basnet, B.R.; Molero, G.; Piñera Chavez, F.J; Reynolds, M.P.; Morgounov, A.; Ammar, K.; Singh, R.P.
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  • Mejoramiento de la calidad de trigo
    (CIMMYT, 2018) Guzman, C.; Mondal, S.; Velu, G.; Juliana, P.; Huerta-Espino, J.; Crespo Herrera, L.A.; Dreisigacker, S.; Basnet, B.R.; Molero, G.; Piñera Chavez, F.J; Reynolds, M.P.; Kishii, M.; Crossa, J.; Morgounov, A.; Ammar, K.; Singh, R.P.
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  • Calidad del grano de trigo
    (CIMMYT, 2018) Guzman, C.; Mondal, S.; Velu, G.; Juliana, P.; Huerta-Espino, J.; Crespo Herrera, L.A.; Dreisigacker, S.; Basnet, B.R.; Molero, G.; Piñera Chavez, F.J; Reynolds, M.P.; Kishii, M.; Crossa, J.; Morgounov, A.; Ammar, K.; Singh, R.P.
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