Person: Khan, B.
Loading...
Email Address
Birth Date
3 results
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
- Irrigated wheat in North West Frontier Province: A synthesis of On-farm research results 1983-86(CIMMYT, 1990) Razzaq, A.; Khan, B.R.; Khan, B.; Hobbs, P.R.; Hashmi, N.I.; Heisey, P.W.This paper presents the data obtained from on-farm experiments on tillage, variety, weed control, and fertilizer in the irrigated areas of Mardan, Peshawar, and Swat Districts of NWFP. More emphasis is given to Mardan District, the major irrigated area of the province. The study was conducted jointly from 1983-86 by the Wheat Program, NARC, CIMMYT, and the outreach program at the Cereal Crops Research Institute, Pirsabak, NWFP. From 1983-84 to 1985-86, 127 experiments were conducted on different aspects of crop management (tillage, variety, weed control, and fertilizer). Fields were selected where the previous crop was either maize or sugarcane. Trials were mostly researcher managed and designed to obtain quantitative data on potential yields in the area. Most of the trials were unreplicated. Based on 14 experiments, deep primary tillage gave 10.6% more yield than traditional farmers' practices. Although the cost of deep plowing was double that of traditional methods, it gave higher net benefits. In the varietal trials, Pirsabak-85 and Pak-81 (both Veery lines) were higher yielding than the other two varieties tested, Sarhad-82 and Sarhad-83, and also showed good stripe and leaf rust resistance. Broadleaf weeds were a serious problem in the area but could easily and economically be controlled by the Phenoxy-type herbicides like Buctril-M, 2,4-0 and MCPA. Dicuran-MA proved to be the best herbicide for controlling the grassy weeds, Avena fatua and Phalaris minor. Application of herbicides mixed with sand and broadcast was as effective as spraying, provided the chemicals were uniformly broadcast Based on economic analysis of fertilizer response curves, the recommended doses for wheat after maize were 106-38 kg/ha of N-P205 and for wheat after sugarcane, 107-65 kg/ha. Nitrogen doses from 80 to 170 kg/ha and phosphorus from 30 to 130 kg/ha were economical, depending on how much the farmer can afford.
Publication - Wheat production and yields in Rawalpindi District of the Punjab from 1983 to 1986(CIMMYT, 1989) Hobbs, P.R.; Razzaq, A.; Hashmi, N.I.; Khan, B.R.; Khan, B.This study is based on surveys undertaken during wheat harvest in the rainfed (barani) areas of Rawalpindi district of Pakistan's Punjab from 1983 to 1986. Wheat yields were estimated by crop cut and related to farmers' management practices in the same plots. Differences in yields and practices were analysed in terms of farm size, cropping pattern, land type and socioeconomic factors. Visual observations of field problems were also taken and related to yield. The area surveyed has an average annual rainfall between 500-750 mm. One third of this rain falls in the wheat season. The four years of study had variable rainfall with 1983 and 1986 above and 1984 and 1985 below average. Soils in the study area are composed of loess deposits and sedentary materials and range in texture from sandy loam to silty clay loam. Soil available moisture varies from 50 to 200 mm to a depth of 1.5 metres.
Publication - Wheat in Barani areas of Northern Punjab: a synthesis of on-farm research results 1982-1988(CIMMYT, 1990) Razzaq, A.; Hashmi, N.I.; Khan, B.; Khan, B.R.; Hobbs, P.R.This paper analyses the results from on-farm experiments on tillage, variety, fertiliser, and weed control on rainfed wheat production in the high and medium rainfall zones of Pakistan. The experiments were conducted from 1982 to 1988 by the Wheat Programme of the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) in collaboration with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT). During that period, a total of 230 mostly researcher-managed trials were layed out to obtain quantitative data on potential yields in the area. Fields representing typical land types (mera and lepara) and cropping patterns (wheat after fallow or after maize) were selected. "The wheat growing seasons differed substantially in rainfall and temperature. The years 1983-84 and 1984-85 were generally hot and dry, but drought stress occurred only at the vegetative and grain filling stages during the former, and at the flowering stage during the latter. No moisture stress was experienced at all during the 1982-83 and 1985-86 cycles. Total rainfall during 1986-87 and 1987-88 was above average, but some stress occurred at the early flowering stage in 1986-87, and there was severe moisture stress at the early crop stages of 1987-88, seriously affecting germination and tillering. Average annual yield in the experiments was highly correlated with annual rabi season rainfall. From 1982 to 1987 deep moldboard tillage in the early kharif season before planting wheat led to average annual increases of 25% over yields obtained using conventional cultivator tillage. This effect was more pronounced during the dry years, and was chiefly attributed to better rooting associated with the breakup of the compacted soil below the plough layer. Deep tillage also resulted in more moisture, less weeds and less foot rot disease, thus contributing to improved yields. There was evidence of a positive residual effect on subsequent crops from deep tillage for wheat, making this practice an even more valuable contribution to increased productivity in the barani areas. Deep, moldboard ploughing for the maize crop followed by minimum tillage for wheat also increased the productivity of the maize-wheat system. Moldboard ploughing was no more expensive, and often cheaper, than traditional practices. Adoption of this technology, however, will depend on the availability of moldboard ploughs and training in their proper use. A nitrogen and phosphorus incomplete factorial experiment provided response curve data for calculation of economic recommendations for high rainfall barani areas. Responses varied significantly between years. In 1983-84, when drought occurred during the vegetative period, nitrogen response was low and was not profitable at an MRR equal to one. Phosphorus response was higher in 1983-84 but recommended rates were low (20 kg/P/ha for low wheat prices and 36 kg for a higher price). In 1984-85, a dry year, both N and P responses were significant. However, a land type by P interaction reduced the P recommendation for lepara land. At a MRR equal to one and low wheat prices 47-56 kg N-P was economic. In the wetter 1985-86, and 1986-87 years, N-response was greater resulting in more economic returns from N-fertiliser. In 1985-86 there was also a land type by P interaction that reduced the P recommendation on lepara land. The recommendations for mera and lepara land were 98-82 and 98-8 kg/ha N-P (at an MRR= 1 and low wheat prices). Land type by N and previous crop by N interactions complicated the recommendations in 1986-87. Maize grown before wheat significantly reduced wheat yields (-1535 kg) and needed more N for wheat. Use of farmyard manure increased wheat yields by 691 kg and N recommendations could be reduced on lands receiving this input. No phosphorus response was detected in this year. Recommendations ranged from 31 kg/ha of N on lepara land after fallow to 149 kg/ha of N on mera land after maize at a MRR= 1. Combined data analysis over the 4 years showed a significant year effect and year by N interaction. More nitrogen was needed in wet years than dry years with phosphorus levels remaining the same between years. The overall recommendation was 124-34 kg/ha of N-P for wet years versus 21-34 kg/ha for dry years at a MRR=l. It was recommended that some N and all P be applied basally and further N be top-dressed if rainfall is favourable to the end of tillering. In varietal trials, Pak-81, S-19 (Junco "S") and Barani-83 provided higher yields and greater rust resistance than the predominant farmer variety, Lyallpur-73. Weeds were not a serious problem. Broadleaf types were easily controlled by the relatively cheap phenoxy herbicides 2,4-D, MCPP or MCPA, or benzoic acid compounds like Dicamba. However, the common local practice of intercropping wheat and mustard rules out chemical weed control for most farmers. Recommendations in this report for barani wheat growing in the high rainfall areas should allow farmers to easily obtain an average yield of 4.0-4.5 tons/ha, in favourable years. Suggestions for further research are also given.
Publication