Person: Bahadur, K.C.D.
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Bahadur
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K.C.D.
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Bahadur, K.C.D.
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- Scale-appropriate mechanization impacts on productivity among smallholders: evidence from rice systems in the mid-hills of Nepal(Elsevier, 2019) Paudel, G.; Bahadur, K.C.D.; Rahut, D.B.; Justice, S.; Mcdonald, A.Smallholder farmers in the mid-hills of Nepal are facing an acute labor shortage due to out-migration which, in general, has affected the capacity to achieve timely crop establishment, harvest, and inter-cultural operations. These effects are more visible in the case of labor-intensive crops such as rice and promoting higher levels of rural mechanization has emerged as the primary policy response option. Nevertheless, quantitative evidence for the ability of mechanization to offset the adverse effects of shortages increasing labor prices in these systems is largely absent. This study investigates the impacts associated with adoption of mini-tillers (5 to 9 horsepower) for land preparation on smallholder rice productivity in the mid-hills of Nepal. We use an endogenous switching regression that accounts for both observed and unobserved sources of heterogeneity between mini-tiller adopters and non-adopters. Findings demonstrate that rising on-farm rural wage rates and an emerging decline in draft animal availability are driving adoption of the mini-tiller. Among users, the mini-tiller increased rice productivity by 1,110 kg/ha (27%). Further, regression results suggest that mini-tiller non-adopters would be able to increase their rice productivity by 1,250 kg/ha (26%) if they adopt. Moreover, our analysis revealed that very small farms (?0.25 ha) that adopt mini-tillers are benefited the most in terms of gains in rice productivity. These findings support policies that favor the expansion of small-scale mechanization in the hill production ecologies of South Asia and highlight the need to foster the emergence of an associated service economy that will permit smallholders access to capital-intensive machinery such as the mini-tiller.
Publication - Maize seed marketing chains and marketing efficiency along supply chains of the hills in Nepal(Premier Publishers, 2015) Bahadur, K.C.D.; Gadal, N.; Neupane, S.P.; Puri, R.R.; Khatiwada, B.; Ortiz-Ferrara, G.; Sadananda, A.R.; Böber, C.Remoteness, poor infrastructures, labor shortages, small quantities of seed at the producer level and few private seed traders are inherent problems in maize seed production and marketing in the hills of Nepal. Farm-saved seed, including seed exchange and private sector supply are the main sources of improved maize seeds in Nepal. Using the primary data collected from 200 respondents across 20 hilly districts of Nepal, this paper analyzes marketing chains and the efficiency of marketing of improved maize seed along the supply chains. The results show five major maize seed marketing chains. Chain I involved producers, collectors, wholesalers, retailers and consumers; Chain II involved producers, collectors, wholesalers and consumers; Chain III involved producers, collectors, retailers and consumers; Chain IV involved producers, collectors and consumers; and Chain V involved producers and consumers. A total of 64.3 tons of improved maize seed was marketed through the identified chains. Chain II was the most important supply chain, accounting for 38.8per cent of total marketed seeds; while Chain I was the least important, accounting for 4.3per cent. Producers’ share on consumer price was highest in Chain V (100per cent) and lowest in Chain III (66per cent). Transportation cost accounted for the highest amount (average 47.5per cent). Highest margin of profit (NRs 6.5/kg) was taken by retailers and lowest by collectors (NRs 2.5/kg). Highest marketing efficiency with a magnitude of 7.24 was observed in Chain V and lowest with a magnitude of 0.9 in Chain I.
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