Person:
Sharma, R.

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Sharma
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Sharma, R.
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0000-0001-5293-2713

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Author: Obaidi, M.Q. ×

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Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Tracking the adoption of bread wheat varieties in Afghanistan using DNA fingerprinting
    (BioMed Central, 2019) Dreisigacker, S.; Sharma, R.; Huttner, E.; Karimov, A.; Obaidi, M.Q.; Singh, P.K.; Sansaloni, C.; Shrestha, R.; Sonder, K.; Braun, H.J.
    Wheat is the most important staple crop in Afghanistan and accounts for the main part of cereal production. However, wheat production has been unstable during the last decades and the country depends on seed imports. Wheat research in Afghanistan has emphasized releases of new, high-yielding and disease resistant varieties but rates of adoption of improved varieties are uncertain. We applied DNA fingerprinting to assess wheat varieties grown in farmers’ fields in four Afghan provinces. Of 560 samples collected from farmers’ fields during the 2015–16 cropping season, 74% were identified as varieties released after 2000, which was more than the number reported by farmers and indicates the general prevalence of use of improved varieties, albeit unknowingly. At the same time, we found that local varieties and landraces have been replaced and were grown by 4% fewer farmers than previously reported. In 309 cases (58.5%), farmers correctly identified the variety they were growing, while in 219 cases (41.5%) farmers. We also established a reference library of released varieties, elite breeding lines, and Afghan landraces, which confirms the greater genetic diversity of the landraces and their potential importance as a genetic resource. Our study is the first in wheat to apply DNA fingerprinting at scale for an accurate assessment of wheat varietal adoption and our findings point up the importance of DNA fingerprinting for accuracy in varietal adoption studies.
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    Employing phenology to delineate wheat agro-climatic zones in Afghanistan
    (Canadian Center of Science and Education, 2016) Obaidi, M.Q.; Mohmand, E.; Azmatyar, M.H.; Sharma, R.
    Afghanistan grows wheat on about 2.5 million hectares with an average annual production of about five million tonnes. The local research and development efforts make use of country wide research results to recommend varieties and other technologies. Afghanistan has wide ranging climatic variability and its wheat acreage therefore needs to be delineated into wheat climatic zones. A set of 10 different types of wheat varieties were scored for average number of days to 50% flowering (ADF) at 10 locations to delineate Afghan wheat acreage into homogeneous wheat climatic zones based on ADF values. The results obtained hinted at creating eastern, northern, south western and a highland zone for conducting research and recommending wheat technologies.
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    Multilocation response of Afghanistan's seed chain wheat varieties to yellow rust under natural conditions during 2012 to 2013
    (Academic Journals, 2013) Ghanizada, G.; Zamarai, A.; Obaidi, M.Q.; Mohmand, E.; Qayum, A.; Sharma, R.
    Yellow rust is a potential threat to an already fragile Afghan wheat production system. The year 2009 to 2010 saw extensive yellow rust incidence in Afghanistan mainly due to Yr27 virulence. The 2012 to 2013 crop seasons also had yellow rust incidence throughout the country. A set of 20 wheat seed chain varieties was grown at six agro climatically different locations in the country to proactively detect any shift in yellow rust virulence spectrum in the country. Yellow rust incidence on these varieties was scored under natural conditions during flowering to dough crop stages. Results revealed widespread susceptible reaction of at least four wheat varieties viz., Diama 96, PBW154, Ghori 96 and Herat 99. Four other wheat varieties viz., Muqawim 09, Koshan 09, Rana 96 and Gul 96 showed susceptible reaction at least at one location; however, a total of 12 other seed chain varieties were confirmed resistant to prevalent yellow rust races under natural conditions. Results warrant caution in advocating susceptible varieties to farmers for commercial cultivation.
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    Reaction of some of Afghanistan's wheat varieties to yellow rust under natural conditions
    (Academic Journals, 2013) Ahmadzada, Z.; Obaidi, M.Q.; Ghanizada, A.G.; Mashook, M.; Azmatyar, M.H.; Jan, A.; Qayum, A.; Mohmand, E.; Sharma, R.
    Afghanistan grows wheat at about 2.5 million ha, about 45% of which is irrigated. The country is not wheat sufficient and has been importing to meet domestic needs. Yellow rust is the most important disease of wheat in Afghanistan. Country has been able to manage wheat rusts mainly by having a survey surveillance system in place and by releasing resistant varieties. A total of 30 wheat varieties released during last two decades were screened for rust resistance under natural epiphytotic conditions. The rust reaction observed on two dates at one week interval revealed very fast increase in yellow rust infection. A large number of varieties e.g., Gul-96, Pamir-94, Ghori-96, HD2285 etc., were found to have very high yellow rust scores warranting their removal from seed chain.
    Publication