Person: Aryal, J.P.
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Aryal
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J.P.
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Aryal, J.P.
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0000-0002-9128-5739 5 results
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- Wealth, education and cooking-fuel choices among rural households in Pakistan(Elsevier, 2019) Rahut, D.B.; Ali, A.; Mottaleb, K.A.; Aryal, J.P.Clean and modern fuel for cooking is essential for safeguarding good health for women and children and enhancing the well-being of people in the least developed countries. A large section of the rural population in the least developed countries still use fuelwood, and dung cake and residue for cooking, which is harmful to the environment and human health. This paper uses the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLSMS), 2014-15 to investigate the cooking-fuel use patterns and factors influencing rural household choices. The results show that a significant number of rural households use fuelwood, dung and crop residue for cooking and a tiny fraction of households use natural gas. Low-income families with a lower level of schooling of household head are likely to depend on fuelwood, and dung cake and crop residues. Multinomial logit results show that household heads with higher human capital and physical and financial assets are more likely to use modern fuel such as natural gas, and are less likely to use fuelwood and, dung cake and crop residues. Empirical findings also indicate that education is the main driver of clean fuel adoption for cooking in rural Pakistan. Hence the energy policy should focus on the investment in human capital to enhance the adoption of clean fuel for cooking.
Publication - On-farm economic and environmental impact of zero-tillage wheat: a case of North-West India(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Aryal, J.P.; Sapkota, T.; Jat, M.L.; Bishnoi, D.K.Conducting farmers participatory field trials at 40 sites for 3 consecutive years in four rice-wheat system dominated districts of Haryana state of India, this paper tested the hypothesis that zero tillage (ZT) based crop production emits less greenhouse gases and yet provide adequate economic benefits to farmers compared to the conventional tillage (CT). In each farmer's field, ZT and CT based wheat production were compared side by side for three consecutive years from 2009–10 to 2011–12. In assessing the mitigation potential of ZT, we examined the differences in input use and crop management, especially those contributing to GHGs emissions, between ZT wheat and CT wheat. We employed Cool Farm Tool (CFT) to estimate emission of GHGs from various wheat production activities. In order to assess economic benefits, we examined the difference in input costs, net returns and cost-benefit analysis of wheat production under CT and ZT. Results show that farmers can save approximately USD 79 ha−1 in terms of total production costs and increase net revenue of about USD 97.5 ha−1 under ZT compared to CT. Similarly, benefit-cost ratio under ZT is 1.43 against 1.31 under CT. Our estimate shows that shifting from CT to ZT based wheat production reduces GHG emission by 1.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 season−1. Overall, ZT has both climate change mitigation and economic benefits, implying the win-win outcome of better agricultural practices.
Publication - Adoption of multiple climate-smart agricultural practices in the Gangetic plains of Bihar, India(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018) Aryal, J.P.; Jat, M.L.; Sapkota, T.; Khatri-Chhetri, A.; Kassie, M.; Rahut, D.B.; Maharjan, S.Purpose: The adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) is important for sustaining Indian agriculture in the face of climate change. Despite considerable effort by both national and international agricultural organizations to promote CSAPs in India, adoption of these practices is low. This study aims to examine the elements that affect the likelihood and intensity of adoption of multiple CSAPs in Bihar, India. Design/methodology/approach: The probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are analyzed using multivariate and ordered probit models, respectively. Findings: The results show significant correlations between multiple CSAPs, indicating that their adoptions are interrelated, providing opportunities to exploit the complementarities. The results confirm that both the probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are affected by numerous factors, such as demographic characteristics, farm plot features, access to market, socio-economics, climate risks, access to extension services and training. Farmers who perceive high temperature as the major climate risk factor are more likely to adopt crop diversification and minimum tillage. Farmers are less likely to adopt site-specific nutrient management if faced with short winters; however, they are more likely to adopt minimum tillage in this case. Training on agricultural issues is found to have a positive impact on the likelihood and the intensity of CSAPs adoption. Practical implications: The major policy recommendations coming from of our results are to strengthen local institutions (public extension services, etc.) and to provide more training on CSAPs. Originality/value: By applying multivariate and ordered probit models, this paper provides some insights on the long-standing discussions on whether farmers adopt CSAPs in a piecemeal or in a composite way.
Publication - Identifying high-yield low-emission pathways for the cereal production in South Asia(Springer Verlag, 2018) Sapkota, T.; Aryal, J.P.; Khatri-Chhetri, A.; Shirsath, P.B.; Arumugam, P.; Stirling, C.Increasing agricultural production to meet the growing demand for food whilst reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is the major challenge under the changing climate. To develop long-term policies that address these challenges, strategies are needed to identify high-yield low-emission pathways for particular agricultural production systems. In this paper, we used bio-physical and socio-economic models to analyze the impact of different management practices on crop yield and emissions in two contrasting agricultural production systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) of India. The result revealed the importance of considering both management and socio-economic factors in the development of high-yield low-emission pathways for cereal production systems. Nitrogen use rate and frequency of application, tillage and residue management and manure application significantly affected GHG emissions from the cereal systems. In addition, various socio-economic factors such as gender, level of education, training on climate change adaptation and mitigation and access to information significantly influenced the adoption of technologies contributing to high-yield low-emission pathways. We discussed the policy implications of these findings in the context of food security and climate change.
Publication - Climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic plains(Elsevier, 2015) Sapkota, T.; Jat, M.L.; Aryal, J.P.; Jat, R.K.; Khatri-Chhetri, A.Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production, adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable way. This paper examines CA from the perspective of: (i) increased yield and farm income, (ii) adaptation to heat and water stresses, and (iii) reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’ field trials on CA in the cereal systems of IGP, India. Our analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost (up to 23%) but produce equal or even higher than conventional system; thereby increasing economic profitability of production system. CA-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature (reduced canopy temperature by 1-4oC) and increased irrigation water productivity by 66-100% compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of IGP. Our continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2, N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10-15% less GHGs than conventional systems. This is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change nexus. From this holistic analysis, we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is way forward to address food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture.
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