Person: Aryal, J.P.
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Aryal
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J.P.
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Aryal, J.P.
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0000-0002-9128-5739 4 results
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- On-farm economic and environmental impact of zero-tillage wheat: a case of North-West India(Cambridge University Press, 2015) Aryal, J.P.; Sapkota, T.; Jat, M.L.; Bishnoi, D.K.Conducting farmers participatory field trials at 40 sites for 3 consecutive years in four rice-wheat system dominated districts of Haryana state of India, this paper tested the hypothesis that zero tillage (ZT) based crop production emits less greenhouse gases and yet provide adequate economic benefits to farmers compared to the conventional tillage (CT). In each farmer's field, ZT and CT based wheat production were compared side by side for three consecutive years from 2009–10 to 2011–12. In assessing the mitigation potential of ZT, we examined the differences in input use and crop management, especially those contributing to GHGs emissions, between ZT wheat and CT wheat. We employed Cool Farm Tool (CFT) to estimate emission of GHGs from various wheat production activities. In order to assess economic benefits, we examined the difference in input costs, net returns and cost-benefit analysis of wheat production under CT and ZT. Results show that farmers can save approximately USD 79 ha−1 in terms of total production costs and increase net revenue of about USD 97.5 ha−1 under ZT compared to CT. Similarly, benefit-cost ratio under ZT is 1.43 against 1.31 under CT. Our estimate shows that shifting from CT to ZT based wheat production reduces GHG emission by 1.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 season−1. Overall, ZT has both climate change mitigation and economic benefits, implying the win-win outcome of better agricultural practices.
Publication - Adoption of multiple climate-smart agricultural practices in the Gangetic plains of Bihar, India(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2018) Aryal, J.P.; Jat, M.L.; Sapkota, T.; Khatri-Chhetri, A.; Kassie, M.; Rahut, D.B.; Maharjan, S.Purpose: The adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAPs) is important for sustaining Indian agriculture in the face of climate change. Despite considerable effort by both national and international agricultural organizations to promote CSAPs in India, adoption of these practices is low. This study aims to examine the elements that affect the likelihood and intensity of adoption of multiple CSAPs in Bihar, India. Design/methodology/approach: The probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are analyzed using multivariate and ordered probit models, respectively. Findings: The results show significant correlations between multiple CSAPs, indicating that their adoptions are interrelated, providing opportunities to exploit the complementarities. The results confirm that both the probability and intensity of adoption of CSAPs are affected by numerous factors, such as demographic characteristics, farm plot features, access to market, socio-economics, climate risks, access to extension services and training. Farmers who perceive high temperature as the major climate risk factor are more likely to adopt crop diversification and minimum tillage. Farmers are less likely to adopt site-specific nutrient management if faced with short winters; however, they are more likely to adopt minimum tillage in this case. Training on agricultural issues is found to have a positive impact on the likelihood and the intensity of CSAPs adoption. Practical implications: The major policy recommendations coming from of our results are to strengthen local institutions (public extension services, etc.) and to provide more training on CSAPs. Originality/value: By applying multivariate and ordered probit models, this paper provides some insights on the long-standing discussions on whether farmers adopt CSAPs in a piecemeal or in a composite way.
Publication - Framework, guidelines and governance for designing local adaptation plan of action to mainstream climate smart villages in India(CIMMYT, 2016) Aryal, J.P.; Singh, R.; Gehlawat, S.K.; Agarwal, T.; Jat, M.L.The major challenges being faced by Agriculture globally are degradation of natural resources and increasing frequency of climate change induced risks. In pre-green revolution period, the farmers practiced a more resilient agriculture that inherently adapted to climate variability through optimal use of biodiversity i.e. a careful selection of crop mix to suit the condition of water scarcity, drought and cold wave etc. But the present day intensive agriculture faces the daunting challenge of transforming itself for providing enough food in an ecologically sustainable manner in view of existing uncertainties about regional and local impacts of climate change. To overcome the situation, there is a need to engage diverse stakeholders in preparation of coherent policies that take advantage of rapid advances in Science and Technology and incentivize their adoption to stimulate a behavioral change and align them for action at different levels. The adaptation process will require validation and tailoring various strategies at regional to farm level due to variations in resource endowments viz soils, tools and technologies etc.
Publication - Climate change adaptation, greenhouse gas mitigation and economic profitability of conservation agriculture: some examples from cereal systems of Indo-Gangetic plains(Elsevier, 2015) Sapkota, T.; Jat, M.L.; Aryal, J.P.; Jat, R.K.; Khatri-Chhetri, A.Achieving sustainability of the cereal system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India under progressive climate change and variability necessitates adoption of practices and technologies that increase food production, adaptation and mitigation in a sustainable way. This paper examines CA from the perspective of: (i) increased yield and farm income, (ii) adaptation to heat and water stresses, and (iii) reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The analyses and conclusions are based on the literature and evidences from a large number of on-station as well as farmers’ field trials on CA in the cereal systems of IGP, India. Our analyses show that CA-based system substantially reduces the production cost (up to 23%) but produce equal or even higher than conventional system; thereby increasing economic profitability of production system. CA-based production systems also moderated the effect of high temperature (reduced canopy temperature by 1-4oC) and increased irrigation water productivity by 66-100% compared to traditional production systems thus well adapting to water and heat stress situations of IGP. Our continuous monitoring of soil flux of CO2, N2O and CH4 revealed that CA-based rice-wheat systems emit 10-15% less GHGs than conventional systems. This is the first time that CA and its components are synthesized and analyzed from food security-climate change nexus. From this holistic analysis, we suggest that wide-scale promotion of suitable CA practices by integrating into national agriculture development strategy is way forward to address food security, climate change adaptation and mitigation challenges faced by present agriculture.
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