Person: Camacho Villa, T.C.
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Camacho Villa
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T.C.
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Camacho Villa, T.C.
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0000-0002-2908-5357 12 results
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- Cómo crecer con don Crecencio. Si a mi parcela quiero cuidar, el ganado no debe entrar(CIMMYT, 2014) Govaerts, B.; Mena-Lopez, G.; Coronel-Aguayo, M.G.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Cortes Arredondo, C.A.; Escobedo Cruz, H.; García Santiago, J.O.; Lopez Olguin, F.A.; Ortiz Hernández, E.; Aguilar Garcia, A.E.
Publication - Presentación de resultados: estudio exploratorio sobre la situación del maíz de húmedo (raza Jala) e identificación de oportunidades para su conservación in situ(CIMMYT, 2017) Camacho Villa, T.C.; Boa, M.
Publication - A guide to scaling soil and water conservation in the Western Highlands of Guatemala(CIMMYT, 2019) Hellin, J.; Lopez-Ridaura, S.; Sonder, K.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Gardeazabal, A.Central America has long-been recognized as a region prone to soil and land degradation (e.g., Scherr and Yadav (1996:21). The main cause of this soil degradation is twofold: much of Central America consists of steep hillsides and unequal land distribution that has forced many resource-poor farmers to farm these marginal areas (Hellin et al. 2017). The encroachment onto hillsides represents a move to an area of lower resilience (resistance to degradation) and higher sensitivity (degree to which soils degrade when subjected to degradation processes). Sloping lands are very susceptible to rapid soil degradation caused by physical, chemical and biological processes (Stocking, 1995). Central America’s mountains and heavy rainfall, as well as poor land management, make much of the region particularly vulnerable to soil degradation. In addition, the widespread conversion of forests to agriculture has created serious soil erosion problems in the region. In response, there are growing efforts directed at the promotion of soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies (Hellin and Schrader, 2003). Climate change is likely to lead to increased water scarcity in the coming decades (Lobell et al. 2008) and to changes in precipitation patterns. This will lead to more short-term crop failures and long-term production declines. Farmers have a long record of adapting to the impacts of climate variability, but predicted climate change represents an enormous challenge that will test farmers’ ability to adapt and improve their livelihoods (Adger et al. 2007). The fifth assessment report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for Central and South America concludes that farmers in Central America are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. An increasing body of scientific evidence points to the negative impacts on Central American agriculture of changing temperature and rainfall patterns. Lobell et al. (2008) looked at the combined outputs of 20 of the latest GCM models for 2030 under three different emission scenarios and reported median precipitation declines of approximately -5% for Central America in both the winter (DecemberFebruary) and summer (June-August) seasons. This is of concern due to the fact that smallholder farming in Central America is predominantly rainfed. There is a need to work with farmers to develop climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies and to increase the countries’ capacity to adapt to climate change. Thus, climate smart agricultural practices have often been promoted. These are practices that contribute to: (1) increasing global food security; (2) enhancing farmers’ ability to adapt to a changing climate; and (3) mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Many of these same practices were promoted in the 1980s and 1990s under the guise of SWC, but farmer non-adoption was far too common. Much can be learned from these past endeavors to ensure that current efforts are better designed, implemented and adopted. This manual suggests new approaches to SWC in Central America and describes tools and strategies to achieve them. The new approaches include: exploring other soil conservation options besides erosion control, examining the spatial context, examining farming systems as a whole, encouraging active farmer participation, and monitoring and evaluating the effects of the adopted technologies. The Buena Milpa project in Guatemala is presented as a case study that used these approaches, described in three separate boxes showing the scaling of soil conservation practices in the study area, its agricultural innovation system, and its monitoring and evaluation strategies.
Publication - The abandonment of maize landraces over the last 50 years in Morelos, Mexico: a tracing study using a multi-level perspective(Springer, 2019) McLean R., F.D.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Almekinders, C.; Pè, M.E.; Dell'acqua, M.; Costich, D.E.Understanding the causes of maize landrace loss in farmers’ field is essential to design effective conservation strategies. These strategies are necessary to ensure that genetic resources are available in the future. Previous studies have shown that this loss is caused by multiple factors. In this longitudinal study, we used a collection of 93 maize landrace accessions from Morelos, Mexico, and stored at the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) Maize Germplasm Bank, to trace back to the original 66 donor families after 50 years and explore the causes for why they abandoned or conserved their seed lots. We used an actor-centered approach, based on interviews and focus group discussions. We adopt a Multi-Level Perspective framework to examine loss as a process, accommodating multiple causes and the interactions among them. We found that the importance of maize landrace cultivation had diminished over the last 50 years in the study area. By 2017, 13 families had conserved a total of 14 seed lots directly descended from the 1967 collection. Focus group participants identified 60 accessions that could still be found in the surrounding municipalities. Our findings showed that multiple interconnected changes in maize cultivation technologies, as well as in maize markets, other crop markets, agricultural and land policies, cultural preferences, urbanization and climate change, have created an unfavorable environment for the conservation of maize landraces. Many of these processes were location- and landrace-specific, and often led to landrace abandonment during the shift from one farmer generation to the next.
Publication - Collaborative research on Conservation Agriculture in Bajío, Mexico: continuities and discontinuities of partnerships(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Martinez Cruz, T.E.; Almekinders, C.; Camacho Villa, T.C.Agricultural technologies are debated and contested. Studying the socio-political life of agricultural research can help us to understand why some particular technologies or pathways are favoured (and others not) and eventually why expectations are maintained or not. We studied the 30-year trajectory of practices of Conservation Agriculture in the central region of Mexico. The results of our interviews and literature review show how, over the course of time, Conservation Agriculture (CA) technology has successively changed from being referred to as Conservation Tillage, Direct Seeding, Conservation Agriculture and has now, finally become integrated within Sustainable Intensification. These changes are connected with revamped narratives and the applications of the latest research and development (R&D) paradigms. They were the result of new spaces for CA projects opening up after other spaces had closed, spaces that allowed the researchers, politicians, technicians and farmers to continue to engage in CA in a reconfigured way that fit the various agendas. The opening and closure of spaces for CA projects were the result of researchers being subject to, and taking advantage of, political changes and of politicians seeking new initiatives to support their agendas. This shows how research and politics are mutually dependent and how they generate a discontinuity of project interventions which, paradoxically, represent a continuity of agendas and research processes. As CA is both a complex and flexible technology, it has been possible to make it fit to accommodate the changing agendas of different actors.
Publication - Learning how to rescue a landrace: a study of the giant maize, Jala, and the community who grows it(CIMMYT, 2018) Costich, D.E.; Vidal Martinez, A.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Zavala Espinosa, C.; Gore, M.A.; Bernau, V.; Flores Castro, L.A.; Waybright, A.Germplasm banks, such as CIMMYT’s, have been the ex situ sources of crop genetic diversity for plant breeders and researchers for decades. Increasingly, these institutions are providing seed from ex situ collections and technological support directly to smallholder farmers, who have always been the in situ guardians of landraces. In the case of maize in its center of origin, mounting evidence suggests that accelerating loss of genetic diversity may indeed impact the ability of this critically important crop species to adapt to the changing environments of the future.
Publication - Propuesta metodológica-interinstitucional para un nuevo extensionismo en México(INIFAP, 2018) Cadena Iñiguez, P.; Rendon-Medel, R.; Rodriguez-Vazquez, H.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Santellano-Estrada, E.; Guevara-Hernandez, F.; Govaerts, B.In Mexico extension as a professional activity has been revalued, by the Government of the Mexican Republic itself, according to data from SAGARPA there are at least 23 thousand technicians in the registered registry. The segments of attention of producers in Mexico have been defined and new programs are built where inclusion is a common denominator. During two years, a group of 20 specialists from as many institutions met under the auspices of CIMMYT-Mas Agro, to agree on the concept of extensionism and it was possible to elaborate a working document that describes the philosophical, methodological and operative principles of extensionism in Mexico.
Publication - Familias milperas de la península de Yucatán(CIMMYT, 2018) Camacho Villa, T.C.Esta publicación se enmarca dentro de las acciones de inclusión social que la Estrategia de Intensificación Sustentable del Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo (CIMMYT) lleva a cabo en México. Es un esfuerzo cofinanciado por los proyectos
Publication - Gestión de la interacción en procesos de innovación rural(Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (Corpoica), 2018) Roldán-Suárez, E.; Rendon-Medel, R.; Camacho Villa, T.C.; Aguilar-Avila, J.La innovación, producción y comercialización de un producto resulta de la interacción entre una diversidad de actores. Así, el modelo de extensión Hub del programa gubernamental MasAgro busca ser un espacio en el que agricultores, extensionistas, proveedores de insumos, instituciones gubernamentales y de enseñanza e investigación, entre otros, interactúen entre sí con el fin de generar bienestar individual y colectivo a través de la innovación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las estructuras relacionales dentro de los Hubs. Para tal efecto, se aplicaron entrevistas directas a 457 actores de 10 regiones agroecológicas que conforman los Hubs del sistema maíz en México. Se midieron los indicadores de densidad, cercanía, transitividad y diversidad de relaciones en dos momentos de análisis: línea base y línea final, mediante la metodología de análisis de redes sociales. Una prueba “t” de muestras relacionadas reveló que para los tres primeros indicadores existe diferencia estadística significativa entre momentos analizados (p<0,05), lo que indican que en el Hub se ha gestionado la interacción entre los actores, ubicándolo como un espacio en el que se ha generado estructura local y se ha mantenido el capital relacional, bases del capital social necesario para el desarrollo de procesos de innovación en el sector rural. Estos hallazgos pueden servir a responsables de programas y diseñadores de políticas como una herramienta complementaria de evaluación de estrategias de intervención en el sector.
Publication - La comercialización de los maíces de especialidad en México: condiciones actuales y perspectivas = The marketing of specialty corns in Mexico: current conditions and prospects(INIFAP, 2016) López-Torres, J.; Rendon-Medel, R.; Camacho Villa, T.C.
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