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Granados, G.

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Granados
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Granados, G.

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    Maize production environments revisited: A GIS-based approach
    (CIMMYT, 2000) Hartkamp, A.D.; White, J.W.; Rodriguez, A.; Banziger, M.; Srinivasan, G.; Granados, G.; Crossa, J.
    This publication presents a GIS-based approach for revising the descriptions of global maize production environments, called "mega-environments" (MEs), used by CIMMYT and its partners. A cluster analysis was performed on climate data, representing a four-month growing season, for key maize producing locations, primarily using international maize testing sites. Assuming rainfed production, the onset of the growing season was determined based on the month when the ratio of precipitation over potential evapotranspiration exceeds 0.5. Diagnostic criteria for mapping MEs were based on cluster analysis results and expert knowledge. The resulting maps can be used to select appropriate target environments for maize germplasm and trials, as well as in priority setting and site selection for global maize breeding programs
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    Proceedings of the Fifth Asian Regional Maize Workshop
    (Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry-CIMMYT, 1993) Granados, G.; De Leon, C.; Lothrop, J.E.
    For several years, the Asian countries have had the highest rate of increase (3.6%) in maize production in the world. This has been due to the increasing demand of the grain for food, feed, and industrial purposes. Undoubtably, the largest volume has been directed to be used as animal feed. One of the basic CIMMYT philosophies is to assist national programs in increasing their maize productivity. We believe that this broad objective can be achieved through the availability of improved maize germplasm, training of scientists, and technical consu1tancies. As part of the technical upgrading of scientists in the region, we believe that one important way to assist researchers in keeping pace with new scientific developments in our area of research, is through scientific meetings where we all can learn about the activities and experiences of colleagues in other programs. On this occasion, the CIMMYT Asian Regional Maize Program (ARMP) and the National Maize Program of the Soc. Rep. of Vietnam co-sponsored this 5th Asian Regional Maize Workshop, held in Vietnam November 15-20, 1993. Being aware of the several success stories cited on hybrid maize in several countries, both in the developed and developing world, it was suggested that the theme of this 5th WOrkshop be on Hybrid Maize in Asian Countries. It will be through learning of the experiences of other countries in the region already involved in hybrid development that we can benefit from their positive experiences and avoid repeating those that represented setbacks in the adaptation of hybrid technology. Technical sessions were held in both Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. There were presentations by representatives from various national maize programs from countries in the Asian region. We also had the participation of the FAD/RAPA Regional Plant Production and Protection Officer Representative who described the regional activities of that organization. Colleagues from private seed companies operating in the region also presented their activities on research and development of new germplasm. It is through this open relationship that we can all benefit from each other by increasing knowledge and experiences, improving our research which in turn will benefit the farmers in the region. As in previous Asian Regional Maize Workshops, two Demonstration Nurseries were planted at two different environments, one at the Maize Res. Institute, Don Phuong in the North and the other one at the Hung Loc Expt. Stat. of the Inst. of Agric. Sci. in the South of Vietnam. These nurseries were planted to give an opportunity to participating scientists from various government and private sectors to submit and observe the varieties they have developed in their programs and the varieties developed by other programs in the region. A total of 241 entries were included in these Demonstration Nurseries. We have routinely encouraged the participants to request to the respective programs any entry that might be useful in their own programs. CIMMYT also included some of its high yielding, agronomically desirable experimental varieties with wide adaptation across locations in Asian countries. Special entries in the nurseries included those selected for tolerance/resistance to drought, acid soils, low nutrients, insects, and diseases. We would like to acknowledge the very positive response of Cargill Seeds Co., Ciba Geigy (Thailand) Ltd., Charoen Seeds Co., ICI-Pacific Seeds Co., and Pioneer Overseas Corp., in financially supporting the trip of Dr. Arnel R. Hallauer, Prof. of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Iowa State Univ., to participate in this Workshop. Our appreciation goes also to Bioseed Genetics (Vietnam) and Maharashtra Hybrid Co. (MAHYCO) from India for sponsoring one banquet each the days of opening (Hanoi) and closing (Ho Chi Minh City) of the Workshop. CIMMYT thanks you all for your interest and invaluable partnership in our activities. To close this Foreword, our appreciation for Mrs. Chiraporn for spending so many extra hours typing these Proceedings.
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    Proceedings of the Fourth Asian Regional Maize Workshop
    (CIMMYT, 1990) De Leon, C.; Granados, G.; Read, M.D.
    During the last few years, maize production in most Asian countries has developed an spectacular increase. In decreasing order, and excluding China, the largest maize producing countries in Asia are India, Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Pakistan and Nepal. Even though India and Indonesia have a level of production higher than Thailand, their productivity is much lower. Among all Asian countries, Thailand continues to have the highest maize yields per unit area, with average yields of over 2 t/ha. CIMMYT's phylosophy is to assist national maize research programs in increasing their maize productivity. We feel that one of the ways to keep researchers aware of new developments in research is through workshops where we can learn of experiences of other colleagues. with this view in mind, CIMMYT Asian Regional Maize Program (ARMP) has cosponsored the 4th Asian Regional Maize Workshop in close cooperation and assistance from the Pakistan Council of Agricultural Research (PARC) of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan After consultation with program coordinators and leaders from several countries in the region, it was decided that the theme for the 4th Workshop be on Maize Production Under stress Environments. It is through the understanding of stress factors that the National Programs can focus their research in the development of technologies tending to decrease the risks involved in production of the crop in unfavorable (stressed) environments. Additional to key speakers dealing with the subject of maize grown under stress environments, there was also the need to alocate time to discuss issues on Seed Production and Distribution. As in the three previous workshops, we had the participation of several maize scientists from most national programs and private seed companies in the Asian region. It should be mentioned that this was the first time we had participants from Bhutan describing the maize research activities in that country. One important component of these Asian Regional Maize Workshops has been to give the opportunity to all participants to observe in Demonstration Nurseries the varieties developed in their own national programs. We encouraged the participants to carefully observe and request to the respective program any variety which they considered useful in their program. CIMMYT also included some of its experimental varieties with the broadest adaptation and stability across locations in the Asian region. These are available upon request. Demonstration Nurseries were planted at three locations in Pakistan: the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) at Islamabad, the Cereal Crops Research Institute (CCRI) at Pirsabak, and the Maize and Millets Research Institute (MMRI) at Yousafwalla. These three centers are located in different ecological environments. With this Workshop, CIMMYT-ARMP continues its active participation in the promotion of agricultural development in the region.
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    Proceedings of the Third Asian Regional Maize Workshop
    (CAAS, 1988) De Leon, C.; Granados, G.; Wedderburn, R.N.
    The main activity of the Asian Regional Maize Program of CIMMYT (ARMP) is the collaboration with the National Maize Programs in the region in the development of improved technology conductive to the increase of production and productivity of maize in the farmers field. To achieve the objectives, the ARMP strategy has been to strenghten the National Program's research capabilities through: a) Distribution of improved maize germplasm generated by CIMMYT and by National Programs in and outside the region. b) Improvement of National Program's staff research capabilities by making available to them scholarships for in-service training at CIMMYT's headquarters and by partially financing their in-country training. c) In collaboration with the National Programs, cosponsor workshops, scientific gatherings, in country seminars, etc., where local and regional scientists can get together and exchange information, methodologies and germplasm. The ARMP cooperated with Kasetsart University, the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Agricultural Extension, Thailand, in the organization of the I Asian Regional Maize Workshop (1981) and with the Indonesia's Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (AARD), Indonesia (1986) in the organization of the II ARMW. This year, the III Asian Regional Maize Workshop was organized in cooperation with the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) ant hosted at Kunming by the Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), and at Nanning by the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GAAS), People's Republic of China. Previous to the meeting, the ARMP had requested from all national programs and from several private seed companies in the region a sample of representative entries of their best germplasm, either at experimental or at commercial stages. The materials were planted in observation nurseries both at Kunming and at Nanning. Scientists from all national programs and from several private companies in the region were invited to participate in this Workshop. Special guest speakers were invited to give leading presentations on breeding for specific stressenvironments, on maize agronomy, entomology and pathology. At both Kunming and Nanning, participants could see the performance of: 1) The germplasm they had submitted, 2) Selected germplasm from CIMMYT which was planted together with the entries from the national programs and 3) Entries supplied by the private seed companies. Exchanges of methodologies and approaches to solve specific problems in certain environments were widely discussed in the field. Much time was spent by scientists of the YAAS and GAAS in showing and describing to all participants their breeding and agronomy-production programs. We sincerely hope that this event fulfilled the interests of all participants and we expect these Workshops to become a tradition in the Asian Region. We feel this is an excelent way to understand the research problems in national programs and pave the road for a closer cooperation and assistance between scientists of the various national maize programs in the Asian region. In closing, these Proceedings represent the final step in a very successfull III Asian Regional Maize Workshop. We include all country reports which could not be presented in the 1986 Workshop and the specific leading papers on topics assigned to some scientists from the Asian Region. It should be mentioned that in editing these documents, we take no responsibility of the content of the papers and of the minor changes required to improve readability and style of the manuscripts.
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