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Tadele Tefera

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Tadele Tefera
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Tadele Tefera
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0000-0001-6373-0842

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2011 - 20122
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AGROVOC: PEST RESISTANCE × Region: Eastern Africa ×

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    Yield stability of stem borer resistant maize hybrids evaluated in regional trials in east Africa
    (Academic Journals, 2012) Beyene, Y.; Mugo, S.N.; Tadele Tefera; Gethi, J.; Gakunga, J.; Ajanga, S.; Karaya, H.; Musila, R.N.; Muasya, W.; Tende, R.; Njoka, S.
    Twenty-seven stem borer-resistant maize hybrids and three checks were evaluated in 14 locations in Kenya and Ethiopia to study the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) and yield stability. An analysis of variance was conducted for grain yield, number of days to silking, plant height, ear height and grain moisture content, and reaction to turcicum leaf blight, gray leaf spot, maize streak virus diseases and common rust. The yield stability and adaptation pattern of genotypes were examined with genotype plus genotype x environment (GGE) interaction biplot. Variations due to location, genotype and GEI effects were highly significant for all traits. Location variance among the hybrids was the most important source of variation for all traits, accounting for 58 to 90% of the total variance. The genotypic variance was higher than the GEI variance for turcicum leaf blight, plant height and silking date. The GEI variance was higher than the genotypic variance for grain yield, ear height, gray leaf spot, common rust and grain moisture content. The GGE biplot showed that 50% of the entries had positive PC1 scores suggesting above average performance, and 50% of them had negative PC1 scores indicating below average performance. Based on the mean grain yield and stability parameters, hybrid CKIR07003 (5.5 t/ha), CKIR07004 (5.5 t/ha) and CKIR07005 (5.6 t /ha) were identified as high-yielding and stable genotypes, and could be nominated for national performance trials for commercial release in various countries.
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    Evaluation of stem borer resistance management strategies for Bt maize in Kenya based on alternative host refugia
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Mulaa, M.; Bergvinson, D.J.; Mugo, S.N.; Wanyama, J.; Tende, R.; De Groote, H.; Tadele Tefera
    Stem borers are the major insect pests of maize in Kenya. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) technology is an effective way of controlling lepidopteran pests. However, the likelihood of development of resistance to the Bt toxins by the target stem borer species is a concern. Forages, sorghum and maize varieties were evaluated for stem borer preference and survivorship in the laboratory and field in four locations in Kenya to identify suitable species and varieties for refugia. The economics of using the different kinds of refugia was also investigated. Vegetation surveys were conducted in 15 districts of Kenya to quantify the area covered by natural refugia. The field and laboratory trials indicated highest egg production, survivorship and more exit holes in all sorghum and maize varieties and some forages. Sorghum, non-Bt Maize, and improved Napier grass varieties Kakamega 1 and Kakamega 2) should be promoted as refugia species in Kenya. Some species and cultivars were identified as cost-effective, flexible, easily adoptable and compatible with farmers? common production practices. Refugia cultivar with multiple uses is expected to give higher pay-offs than one with single use. However, for successful management of a refugia strategy, strict stewardship is required from appropriate government or community institutions.
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