Person: Gupta, R.K.
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Gupta
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R.K.
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Gupta, R.K.
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0000-0001-5755-1143 4 results
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- Predicting yield and stability analysis of wheat under different crop management systems across agro-ecosystems in India(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2017) Jat, M.L.; Jat, R.K.; Singh, P.; Jat, S.L.; Sidhu, H.S.; Jat, H.S.; Bijarniya, D.; Parihar, C.M.; Gupta, R.K.The objectives of the study were as follows: 1) to evaluate the GxExM for wheat genotypes; 2) to predict yield performance and identify high stable wheat genotypes in different management practices; and 3) to make genotype-specific management and high performing genotype recommendations within and across agro-ecological regions. A diverse set of twenty-one genotypes was evaluated over three years (2012, 2013 and 2014) under two levels of crop management practices (CT and ZT) across three agro-ecological regions (BR, MP and PB) of India in replicated trials. Data were analyzed with SASGxE and RGxE programs using SAS and R programming languages, respectively. Across and within a location(s), the pattern of GxExM and GxMxY interactions (respectively) among univariate and multivariate stability statistics, grouping of genotypes in divisive clusters and estimates (with a prediction interval) of genotype varied in management practice CT and ZT. Across locations, the genotypes “Munal” and “HD-2967” were the best performers and high stable in CT and ZT, respectively. Genotypes “HD-2824” and “DPW-621-50”, and “Munal” may serve as diverse parents for developing high quality, climate smart, locally adapted genotypes for BR in CT and ZT, respectively. Genotypes “HD-2932”, “BAZ” and “JW-3288”, and “GW-322” and “HD-2967” are suitable for developing locally adapted stress tolerant genotypes for MP in management practices CT and ZT, respectively. Relatively small GxM and GxExM interactions in PB preclude in making definitive conclusions.
Publication - Operational manual for turbo happy seeder: technology for managing crop residues with environmental stewardship(CIMMYT, 2013) Jat, M.L.; Kapil; Kamboj, B.R.; Sidhu, H.S.; Singh, M.; Bana, A.; Bishnoi, D.K.; Gathala, M.K.; Saharawat, Y.S.; Kumar, V.; Kumar, A.; Jat, H.S.; Jat, R.K.; Sharma, P.C.; Sharma, R.; Singh, R.; Sapkota, T.; Malik, R.; Gupta, R.K.Multiple challenges associated with plough based conventional production practices that include deteriorating natural resources, declining factor productivity, yield plateau, shortages of water & labour and escalating costs of production inputs coupled with emerging challenges of climate change both in irrigated intensive systems as well as low intensity rainfed ecologies are the major threat to food security of South Asia (Jat et al, 2009; Ladha et al, 2009; Chauhan et al, 2012). Water and labour scarcity and timeliness of farming operations specially crop establishment under the emerging climatic uncertainties are becoming major concerns of farming all across farmer typologies, production systems and ecologies in the region (Chauhan et al, 2012). In many parts of South Asia, over-exploitation and poor management of groundwater has led to declining water table and negative environmental impacts. Conventional tillage based flooded rice receiving the largest amount of fresh water compared to any other crop is the major contributor to the problems of declining groundwater table ranging from 0.1– 1.0 m year-1 specially in north-west India and increasing energy use and costs. The problem has further been intensified with the unavailability of labour in time, and multi-fold increase in labour costs. Fragmented land holdings and nucleus farm families further exacerbates the problem of availability of farm labour. Potential solutions to address these issues include a shift from intensive tillage based practices to conservation agriculture (CA) based crop management systems (Saharawat et al, 2010; Jat et al, 2012; Gathala et al, 2013). Direct drilling (seeding/planting with zero tillage technology) is one such practice that potentially addresses the issues of labor, energy, water, soil health etc (Malik et al 2005; Gupta and Sayre, 2007; Jat et al, 2009; Ladha et al, 2009; Gathala et al, 2011; Jat et al, 2013) and adaptations to climatic variability (Jat et al, 2009; Malik et al, 2013). One of the key elements of CA is rational soil cover with organics (crop residues, cover crops etc) has greater relevance not only in terms of managing the agricultural waste but particularly for eliminating burning, improving soil health, conserve water, help in adaptation to and mitigating of climate change effects. Globally, annual production of crop residues is estimated at 3440 million tonnes of which large quantities are not managed properly. In India alone, more than 140 million tonnes of crop residues are disposed of by burning each year. In rice-wheat system of the IGP of South Asia, the disposal of rice residues is one of the major challenges due to poor quality for fodder, bioconversion, and engineering applications. In most combine harvested rice fields of western IGP, the rice residues are burnt before planting of wheat. The field burning of crop residues is a major contributor to poor air quality (particulates, greenhouse gases), human respiratory ailments, and the death of beneficial soil fauna and micro-organisms. During burning of crop residues around 80% of carbon is lost as CO2 and a small fraction is evolved as CO. Burning involving incomplete combustion can also be a source of net emissions of many greenhouse gases including CO, CH4, SO2 and N2O. Crop residue burning accounts 6.6 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent emission annually in India (INCCA, 2010). Apart from loss of carbon, up to 80% loss of N and S, 25% of P and 21% of K occurs during burning of crop residues (Ponnamperuma, 1984; Yadvinder-Singh et al., 2010). For managing residues of combine harvested crops and field (loose as well as anchored) as surface mulch and realize multiple benefits of improve crop yields, conserve soil moisture, saving of irrigation, buffer soil temperature, improve SOC, adapt to terminal heat effects in addition to environmental benefits through eliminating burning, ‘Turbo Happy Seeder’, is now available, which is capable of direct drilling (ZT) into heavy surface residue loads in a single operation. Many of the farmers in India and elsewhere have started using Turbo Happy Seeder for residue management. However, one of the major constraints in large scale adoption of this technology as well as sub-optimal use efficiency of planter is the lack of skills/knowledge on operation, calibration and maintenance of the machinery. There are different field situation specific adjustments needed before the use of the machine in the field. These adjustments include proper seeding depth, fertilizer rate and the seed rate etc as per the crop and field conditions to realize the potential benefits of the technology. There are several machinery manufacturers who supply these planters but the operational manuals are not available for making adjustments, calibrations under local conditions. In absence of the proper operational guidelines and protocols for efficient use of this machine by the farmers, service providers, extension agents, many a times the desirable results are not achieved and even contradictory results are observed. This results in slow down the adoption rates of the technology. Also, in absence of simple guidelines for maintenance of the machine, the farmers/service providers need to make huge investments on repairing at the start of the season. Therefore, we attempted to develop an operational manual to provide simple guidelines for calibration, operation, maintenance and troubleshooting for efficient use of turbo happy seeder by the range of stakeholders including farmers, service providers, extension agents and researchers.
Publication - Impact of zero tillage in India's rice-wheat systems(CIMMYT, 2007) Laxmi, V.; Erenstein, O.; Gupta, R.K.To date, the most widely adopted resource conserving technology (RCT) in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) has been zero-tillage (ZT) for wheat after rice, particularly in India. This report reviews and synthesizes the experience with zero tillage in the Indian IGP. Zero tillage of wheat after rice generates significant benefits at the farm level, both in terms of significant yield gains (6–10%, particularly due to timelier planting of wheat) and cost savings (5–10%, particularly tillage savings). These benefits explain the widespread interest of farmers and the rapidity of the diffusion across the Indian IGP, further aided by the wide applicability of this mechanical innovation. The study subsequently reports on the findings of village-level focus-group discussions in Punjab, Haryana and Eastern Uttar Pradesh (UP). These typically corroborate the findings reported in the reviewed literature. They also highlight the significant extent and speed of ZT adoption in each village as well as the attendant substantial cost savings and yield increases. A conservative ex-ante assessment of supply-shift gains alone (excluding other social and environmental gains), shows that the investment in zero tillage/reduced tillage (ZT/RT) research and development by the Rice-Wheat Consortium of the IndoGangetic Plains (RWC) and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico (CIMMYT) was highly beneficial with a benefit-cost ratio of 39, a net present value (NPV) of US$ 94 million and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 57%. The study highlights the potential gains from successful technology transfer and adaptation in natural resources management (NRM).
Publication - Increasing the productivity of underutilized lands by targeting resource conserving technologies-A GIS/remote sensing approach: a case study of Ballia District, Uttar Pradesh, in the eastern gangetic plains(CIMMYT, 2004) Chandna, P.; Hodson, D.P.; Singh, U.; Singh, A.N.; Gosain, A.K.; Sahoo, R.N.; Gupta, R.K.The Indo Gangetic Plains (IGP) of South Asia, formed by the fluvial action of the Indus and Ganges River systems, is one of the world’s major food grain producing regions. The region supports some of the most densely populated areas in the world, with more than 300 million people dependent on the predominant rice-wheat cropping system. Satisfying the demands of a growing population, preserving the agricultural natural resource base, and improving livelihoods are huge challenges. There is, however, a significant amount of underutilized land, particularly in the eastern IGP, following the main rice season. If this land was brought into full production, it could substantially improve local food supplies and enhance livelihoods. This case study describes the application of remote sensing/GIS methods to determine accurate distributions and extent of underutilized land in the district of Ballia, eastern Uttar Pradesh. Appropriate resource conserving and productivity enhancing technologies are described that offer promising solutions to the underutilized land problems identified in the study. The methodology described offers great potential for targeting and diffusing technologies in an efficient and effective way, and for assessing their impact. Scaling-up of the techniques and application to a wider area could be readily achieved. Classification of temporal satellite data (IRS LISS III images) permitted the identification of all major categories of underutilized land during the post-rainy rabi season, with an accuracy of approximately 90%. Underutilized land types identified included current fallows, excessive moisture areas, waterlogged areas (tal and chaur lands), salt-affected lands and diara lands (riverside areas). Total underutilized land in 2001–02 covered 76,347 ha, which represented 26.70% of the district’s total cultivable area. Current fallows were the predominant category of underutilized land, accounting for 48% of the total. As well, under-productive, late-planted wheat covered at least 60% of the district wheat area. Earlier planting dates alone, achieved through zero tillage crop establishment, could easily increase district wheat production by 70-75,000 tons. Technology options suited to each category of underutilized land were identified; these included zero tillage, bed planting, surface seeding and boro rice. Outputs from this case study may provide decisionmakers with essential information to successfully plan and deploy appropriate technologies in the most effective manner. Resulting productivity and economic gains from underutilized lands are likely to benefit some of the region’s poorest farmers.
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