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Hovmoller, M.S.

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Hovmoller
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M.S.
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Hovmoller, M.S.

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 13
  • First Report of Ug99 Wheat Stem Rust Caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in South Asia
    (American Phytopathological Society, 2024) Patpour, M.; Baidya, S.; Basnet, R.; Justesen, A.F.; Hodson, D.P.; Thapa, D.B.; Hovmoller, M.S.
    Publication
  • Wheat rust early warning prevents yellow rust epidemic in Ethiopian wheat fields
    (CIMMYT, 2022) Hodson, D.P.; Acevedo, M.; Alemayehu, Y.; Nigussie, B.; Salato, Z.; Guta, K.; Gemechu, A.; Negash, T.; Mideksa, T.; Gebeyehu, T.; Hailemariam, H.; Yohannes, M.; Smith, J.W.; Hansen, J.; Thach, T.; Thurston, W.; Mona, T.; Millington, S.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Gilligan, C.A.
    Publication
  • Stem rust in Western Siberia – race composition and effective resistance genes
    (Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020) Shamanin, V.; Pototskaya, I.V.; Shepelev, S.; Pozherukova, V.E.; Salina, E.A.; Skolotneva, E.S.; Hodson, D.P.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Patpour, M.; Morgounov, A.
    Publication
  • First report of virulence to Sr25 in race TKTTF of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici causing stem rust on wheat
    (American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2017) Patpour, M.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Hodson, D.P.
    Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) race TKTTF was reported as the dominant race in the wheat stem rust epidemics in Ethiopia during 2014–15. The race and variants hereof have also been recorded elsewhere in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. Here, we report the presence of additional virulence to Sr25 in the TKTTF population, a resistance gene transferred to several Australian and CIMMYT wheat genotypes.
    Publication
  • MARPLE, a point-of-care, strain-level disease diagnostics and surveillance tool for complex fungal pathogens
    (BioMed Central, 2019) Radhakrishnan, G.V.; Cook, N.M.; Bueno Sancho, V.; Lewis, C. M.; Persoons, A.; Debebe, A.; Heaton, M.; Davey, P.E.; Abeyo Bekele Geleta; Alemayehu, Y.; Badebo, A.; Barnett, M.; Bryant, R.; Chatelain, J.; Xianming Chen; Suomeng Dong; Henriksson, T.; Holdgate, S.; Justesen, A.F.; Kalous, J.; Zhensheng Kang; Laczny, S.; Legoff, J.P.; Lesch, D.; Richards, T.; Randhawa, H.S.; Thach, T.; Meinan Wang; Hovmoller, M.S.; Hodson, D.P.; Saunders, D.G.O.
    Background: Effective disease management depends on timely and accurate diagnosis to guide control measures. The capacity to distinguish between individuals in a pathogen population with specific properties such as fungicide resistance, toxin production and virulence profiles is often essential to inform disease management approaches. The genomics revolution has led to technologies that can rapidly produce high-resolution genotypic information to define individual variants of a pathogen species. However, their application to complex fungal pathogens has remained limited due to the frequent inability to culture these pathogens in the absence of their host and their large genome sizes. Results: Here, we describe the development of Mobile And Real-time PLant disEase (MARPLE) diagnostics, a portable, genomics-based, point-of-care approach specifically tailored to identify individual strains of complex fungal plant pathogens. We used targeted sequencing to overcome limitations associated with the size of fungal genomes and their often obligately biotrophic nature. Focusing on the wheat yellow rust pathogen, Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), we demonstrate that our approach can be used to rapidly define individual strains, assign strains to distinct genetic lineages that have been shown to correlate tightly with their virulence profiles and monitor genes of importance. Conclusions: MARPLE diagnostics enables rapid identification of individual pathogen strains and has the potential to monitor those with specific properties such as fungicide resistance directly from field-collected infected plant tissue in situ. Generating results within 48 h of field sampling, this new strategy has far-reaching implications for tracking plant health threats.
    Publication
  • Potential for re-emergence of wheat stem rust in the United Kingdom
    (Nature Research, 2018) Lewis, C. M.; Persoons, A.; Bebber, D.; Kigathi, R.; Maintz, J.; Findlay, K.; Bueno Sancho, V.; Corredor-Moreno, P.; Harrington, S.A.; Ngonidzashe Kangara; Berlin, A.; Garcia, R.; German, S.E.; Hanzalova, A.; Hodson, D.P.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Huerta-Espino, J.; Imtiaz, M.; Mirza, J.I.; Justesen, A.F.; Niks, R.; Ali Omrani; Patpour, M.; Pretorius, Z.; Ramin Roohparvar; Sela, H.; Singh, R.P.; Steffenson, B.; Visser, B.; Fenwick, P.; Thomas, J.; Wulff, B.B.H.; Saunders, D.G.O.
    Wheat stem rust, a devastating disease of wheat and barley caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, was largely eradicated in Western Europe during the mid-to-late twentieth century. However, isolated outbreaks have occurred in recent years. Here we investigate whether a lack of resistance in modern European varieties, increased presence of its alternate host barberry and changes in climatic conditions could be facilitating its resurgence. We report the first wheat stem rust occurrence in the United Kingdom in nearly 60 years, with only 20% of UK wheat varieties resistant to this strain. Climate changes over the past 25 years also suggest increasingly conducive conditions for infection. Furthermore, we document the first occurrence in decades of P. graminis on barberry in the UK . Our data illustrate that wheat stem rust does occur in the UK and, when climatic conditions are conducive, could severely harm wheat and barley production.
    Publication
  • Overview of stem rust epidemics in eastern Africa and races causing the epidemics
    (USDA, 2016) Hodson, D.P.; Yue Jin; Hovmoller, M.S.
    Publication
  • Yellow Rust epidemics worldwide were caused by Pathogen Races from divergent genetic lineages
    (Frontiers, 2017) Ali, S.; Rodriguez-Algaba, J.; Thach, T.; Sorensen, C.K; Hansen, J.; Lassen, P.; Nazari, K.; Hodson, D.P.; Justesen, A.F.; Hovmoller, M.S.
    We investigated whether the recent worldwide epidemics of wheat yellow rust were driven by races of few clonal lineage(s) or populations of divergent races. Race phenotyping of 887 genetically diverse Puccinia striiformis isolates sampled in 35 countries during 2009–2015 revealed that these epidemics were often driven by races from few but highly divergent genetic lineages. PstS1 was predominant in North America; PstS2 in West Asia and North Africa; and both PstS1 and PstS2 in East Africa. PstS4 was prevalent in Northern Europe on triticale; PstS5 and PstS9 were prevalent in Central Asia; whereas PstS6 was prevalent in epidemics in East Africa. PstS7, PstS8 and PstS10 represented three genetic lineages prevalent in Europe. Races from other lineages were in low frequencies. Virulence to Yr9 and Yr27 was common in epidemics in Africa and Asia, while virulence to Yr17 and Yr32 were prevalent in Europe, corresponding to widely deployed resistance genes. The highest diversity was observed in South Asian populations, where frequent recombination has been reported, and no particular race was predominant in this area. The results are discussed in light of the role of invasions in shaping pathogen population across geographical regions. The results emphasized the lack of predictability of emergence of new races with high epidemic potential, which stresses the need for additional investments in population biology and surveillance activities of pathogens on global food crops, and assessments of disease vulnerability of host varieties prior to their deployment at larger scales.
    Publication
  • Kenyan Isolates of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici from 2008 to 2014: virulence to SrTmp in the Ug99 race group and implications for breeding programs
    (American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2016) Newcomb, M.; Olivera Firpo, P.D.; Rouse, M.N.; Szabo, L.J.; Johnson, J.W.; Gale, S.; Luster, D.G.; Wanyera, R.; Macharia, G.; Bhavani, S.; Hodson, D.P.; Patpour, M.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Fetch, T.; Yue Jin
    Frequent emergence of new variants in the Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99 race group in Kenya has made pathogen survey a priority. We analyzed 140 isolates from 78 P. graminis f. sp. tritici samples collected in Kenya between 2008 and 2014 and identified six races, including three not detected prior to 2013. Genotypic analysis of 20 isolates from 2013 and 2014 collections showed that the new races TTHST, TTKTK, and TTKTT belong to the Ug99 race group. International advanced breeding lines were evaluated against an isolate of TTKTT (Sr31, Sr24, and SrTmp virulence) at the seedling stage. From 169 advanced lines from Kenya, 23% of lines with resistance to races TTKSK and TTKST were susceptible to TTKTT and, from two North American regional nurseries, 44 and 91% of resistant lines were susceptible. Three lines with combined resistance genes were developed to facilitate pathogen monitoring and race identification. These results indicate the increasing virulence and variability in the Kenyan P. graminis f. sp. tritici population and reveal vulnerabilities of elite germplasm to new races.
    Publication
  • First Report of the Ug99 race group of Wheat Stem Rust, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, in Egypt in 2014
    (American Phytopathological Society (APS), 2016) Patpour, M.; Hovmoller, M.S.; Shahin, A.; Newcomb, M.; Olivera Firpo, P.D.; Yue Jin; Luster, D.G.; Hodson, D.P.; Nazari, K.; Azab, M.
    Since the first detection of race TTKSK (Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici in Uganda in 1998 (Pretorius et al. 2000), it has been a priority to track its further spread to other wheat growing areas. To date, 10 variants in the Ug99 race group have been detected in 12 countries, i.e., Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Sudan, Tanzania, Eritrea, Rwanda, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Yemen and Iran (Patpour et al. 2015). In the 2014 crop season, the presence of virulence to Sr31 in Egypt was suspected based on preliminary field observations of high infection on sources of Sr31 planted as international stem rust trap nursery at 1) Sakha Agricultural Research Station in Kafrelsheikh (31.094059° N, 30.933899° E), 2) Al-Sharqia (30.601400° N, 31.510383° E), and 3) Nubaria (30.91464° N, 29.95543° E). At Sakha, wheat cv. PBW343 (carrying Sr31) was scored 30MS-S, and the monogenic line Benno Sr31/6*LMPG was scored 20MS-S at Al-Sharqia. Three samples from each of these lines were sent to the Global Rust Reference Center (GRRC, Denmark). At Nubaria, stem rust was observed on wheat cvs. Misr-1, Misr-2, Giza 168 and Giza 171, and infected samples were collected and sent under permit to the Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit (MD, USA). Urediniospores of each sample were recovered on susceptible wheat cv. Morocco and McNair 701. Twenty-three and 11 single pustule isolates were derived and analyzed at GRRC and USDA-ARS Cereals Disease Laboratory, respectively, using 20 North American stem rust differential lines following standard race-typing procedure and infection type (IT) criteria determining virulence and avirulence (Jin et al. 2008). In addition, three supplemental tester lines of Siouxland (carrying Sr24+Sr31), Sisson (carrying Sr31+Sr36), and Triumph 64 (donor of SrTmp) were included to confirm virulence/avirulence to Sr24, Sr31, Sr36, and SrTmp. The experiments were repeated two to three times. Three races in the Ug99 race group were detected; TTKST (four isolates, IT 3+4 for Sr24, Sr31 and cv. Siouxland) from Al-Sharqia, TTKTK (13 isolates, IT 4 for Sr31, SrTmp and cv. Triumph 64) from Sakha, and TTKSK (2 isolates, IT 4 for Sr31) from Nubaria. This is the first confirmation of races in the Ug99 race group in Egypt, thereby extending the geographical distribution of Ug99-related races. Since Egypt may play a role as green-bridge for Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici between East and North African countries and the wheat belts in the Middle East and Mediterranean region, the rust surveillance efforts should be intensified in affected countries as well as in neighboring regions.
    Publication