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Palacios-Rojas, N.

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Palacios-Rojas
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Palacios-Rojas, N.

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  • Caracterizacion nutricional del grano de 50 accesiones de maiz Cubano
    (Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agricolas, 2009) Martinez, M.; Palacios-Rojas, N.; Ortiz, R.
    A nutritional quality analysis was performed to 50 yellow maize accessions collected in some farms from three regions of Cuba (western, center and east). Thus, the following characters were tested: ash, oil, total sugar, nitrogen, lysine and triptophan contents (%), at the International Breeding Center of Maize and Wheat (CIMMYT) in Mexico. As a result, standard values of ash, oil, sugar and lysine were obtained; however, with regard to sugar content, three accessions were notable. Concerning triptophan content, 76 % accessions have shown relatively high values, even when compared to some high-quality protein maize (QPM), which explains that 74 % of the overall population evaluated has a relatively high quality index surpassing a standard variety used as control, and even seven accessions overcome QPM evaluative reports in another region. This is an encouraging result, since it permits to draw up several strategies for improving the nutritional quality of some accessions, to be further applied to feed target populations and animals of interest. Also, significant correlations were recorded at the population studied. On the other hand, accessions were scattered when a Main Component analysis was made, so that accessions splitted up from others according to the characters having a decisive influence on maize nutritional quality.
    Publication
  • Advances in maize genomics and their value for enhancing genetic gains from breeding
    (Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2009) Yunbi Xu; Skinner, D.; Wu Huixia; Palacios-Rojas, N.; Araus, J.L.; Jianbing Yan; Shibin Gao; Warburton, M.; Crouch, J.H.
    Maize is an important crop for food, feed, forage, and fuel across tropical and temperate areas of the world. Diversity studies at genetic, molecular, and functional levels have revealed that, tropical maize germplasm, landraces, and wild relatives harbor a significantly wider range of genetic variation. Among all types of markers, SNP markers are increasingly the marker-of-choice for all genomics applications in maize breeding. Genetic mapping has been developed through conventional linkage mapping and more recently through linkage disequilibrium-based association analyses. Maize genome sequencing, initially focused on gene-rich regions, now aims for the availability of complete genome sequence. Conventional insertion mutation-based cloning has been complemented recently by EST- and map-based cloning. Transgenics and nutritional genomics are rapidly advancing fields targeting important agronomic traits including pest resistance and grain quality. Substantial advances have been made in methodologies for genomics-assisted breeding, enhancing progress in yield as well as abiotic and biotic stress resistances. Various genomic databases and informatics tools have been developed, among whichMaizeGDB is the most developed and widely used by the maize research community. In the future, more emphasis should be given to the development of tools and strategic germplasm resources for more effective molecular breeding of tropical maize products.
    Publication
  • Maize nutrition quality and plant tissue analysis laboratory: laboratory protocols 2008
    (CIMMYT, 2009) Galicia, L.; Nurit, E.; Rosales Nolasco, Aldo; Palacios-Rojas, N.
    Biochemical and chemical analysis of seeds and green plant tissues are essential in several breeding programs including nutritional and industrial enhancement, plant physiology, and plant pathology. The objective of CIMMYT’s maize nutritional quality and plant analysis laboratory is to develop and/or adopt methodologies to support the breeding programs. Therefore, wherever possible, we seek robust, cheap, and fast methodologies that allow us to provide accurate data to breeders for further field decisions. Ninety-six well microplate readers and near infrared reflectance (NIR) are two of the options we are currently using in the establishment of the biochemical and chemical platform for analysis. All methodologies presented here have been validated either by comparison with other methods or by inter-laboratory assessments. This manual compiles all current methodologies used in the laboratory and aims to serve as a guide for other laboratories or institutions that are interested in the methodologies. For quality protein maize assurance we present the tryptophan, lysine, and protein determination protocols. For provitamin A enhancement, the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) carotenoid protocol is included. For micronutrient analysis we present current iron and zinc determination by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Other analysis performed in our lab are soluble sugars determination, anthocyanin content, total and free phenols, ash content, oil content, starch determination and amylase/amylopectin determination.
    Publication
  • Mejoramiento de maíz con calidad de proteína (QPM): protocolos para generar variedades QPM
    (CIMMYT, 2008) Vivek, B.; Krivanek, A.F.; Palacios-Rojas, N.; Twumasi Afriyie, S.; Diallo, A.O.
    Este manual, dirigido en primer lugar a los mejoradores de maíz que desean empezar a generar variedades de maíz con calidad de proteína (QPM), constituye una recopilación de varios protocolos de mejoramiento que se han aplicado con éxito en el CIMMYT durante las más de dos décadas que lleva generando y mejorando el QPM. Asimismo, brinda un resumen breve de los antecedentes fitotécnicos y de la teoría básica de los aspectos genéticos del QPM y detalla los métodos y procedimientos que se aplican en el mejoramiento del mismo.
    Publication
  • Breeding Quality Protein Maize: protocols for developing QPM cultivars
    (CIMMYT, 2008) Vivek, B.; Krivanek, A.F.; Palacios-Rojas, N.; Twumasi Afriyie, S.; Diallo, A.O.
    This manual is intended for maize breeders who would like to start developing quality protein maize (QPM) cultivars. It is a compilation and consolidation of several breeding protocols successfully used at CIMMYT over two decades of QPM development and breeding. A brief background and the basic theory of QPM genetics are explained, leading up to detailed methods and procedures of QPM development.
    Publication