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Lopez Pereira, M.A.

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Lopez Pereira
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Lopez Pereira, M.A.

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    Impactos del mejoramiento de maíz en América Latina: 1966-1997
    (CIMMYT, 2000) Morris, M.L.; Lopez Pereira, M.A.
    Este informe documenta el número y los tipos de variedades e híbridos de maíz lanzados por los programas públicos de mejoramiento entre 1966 y 1997; describe las variedades e híbridos comercializados por organismos públicos y empresas privadas productores de semilla en América Latina en 1997; analiza las tendencias recientes en las ventas de semilla comercial de maíz; estima la superficie sembrada con germoplasma mejorado de maíz en 1996; y examina los factores que han influido en la adopción. Los autores han encontrado que el lugar preponderante que había ocupado la investigación por parte del sector público en el mejoramiento de maíz, corresponde ahora al sector privado, el cual controla la producción de semilla comercial de maíz, y que la industria semillera se ha concentrado cada vez más en América Latina. Si bien la superficie sembrada con germoplasma mejorado de maíz continúa aumentando, su adopción ha sido irregular. Los materiales del CIMMYT se han usado ampliamente en los programas de mejoramiento de los sectores público y privado, y la superficie total sembrada con materiales vinculados con el Centro sigue expandiéndose
    Publication
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    Impacts of maize breeding research in Latin America, 1966-97
    (CIMMYT, 1999) Morris, M.L.; Lopez Pereira, M.A.
    This report documents the number and types of maize varieties and hybrids released by public breeding programs between 1966 and 1997, describes the varieties and hybrids marketed by public seed agencies and private companies in Latin America in 1997, analyzes recent trends in commercial maize seed sales, estimates the area planted to improved maize germplasm in 1966, and discusses factors that have influenced adoption. The authors find that the primary locus of maize breeding research has shifted to the private sector, the private sector now dominates commercial maize seed production, and the maize seed industry in Latin America has become increasingly concentrated. Although the area planted to improved maize germplasm continues to increase, adoption has been uneven. The use of CIMMYT materials has been extensive in public has well as private sector breeding programs, and total area shown to CIMMYT-related materials continues to increase.
    Publication
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    Maize production and agricultural policies in Central America and Mexico
    (CIMMYT, 1999) Sain, G.; Lopez Pereira, M.A.
    This paper reviews trends in maize production and consumption in Central America and Mexico in the context of the political and economic changes taking place in the region since the 1970's. The authors focus on the effects of the structural adjustment programs in the 1980's and 1990's. The analysis begins by reviewing the economic context in which maize production occurs in the region and the main economic policy instruments affecting the maize economy. Next, trends in maize consumption and production are analyzed, along with the main factors influencing maize production, including trends in the public financing of maize research and extension. The authors find that several factors related to structural adjustment have defined -- and are still defining -- the course of agriculture, including maize production, in the countries of the region. The impact of these factors on maize production, consumption, and import trends has been different in Central America and in Mexico. In particular, the reduction or complete elimination of production incentives, the reduction of trade barriers, the liberalization of input and product prices, the deregulation of the currency exchange rate, the control of inflation, and the restructuring of agricultural research systems between the public and the private sectors have determined how basic grains are produced in the region and how they will be produced in the future. Furthermore, the visible and increasing deterioration of the natural resource base has raised great concern about the need to promote more sustainable, environmentally friendly uses of production systems and natural resources.
    Publication