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Abebe, B.

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Abebe
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Abebe, B.

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    Mega-environment targeting of maize varieties using Ammi and GGE bi-plot analysis in Ethiopia
    (Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, 2018) Wolde, L.; Keno, T.; Tadesse, B.; Bogale, G.; Chere, A.T.; Abebe, B.
    In multi-location experimental trials, test locations must be selected to properly discriminate between varieties and to be representative of the target regions. The objective of this study were to evaluate test locations in terms of discrimination ability, representativeness, and desirability, and to investigate the presence of mega-environments using AMMI and GGE models and to suggest representative environments for breeding and variety testing purposes. Among 19 maize varieties tested across 11 environments, mean grain yield ranged between 4.47 t/ha (BH545) to 7.49 t/ha (BH546). Both AMMI and GGE models identified G14 and G1 as desirable hybrids for cultivation because they combined stability and higher average yield. Nonetheless, as confirmed by GGE analysis BH546 was most closest to the ideal genotype hence, considered as best hybrid. Environment wise, E9 and E4 were the most stable and unstable test environments, respectively. The 11 test environments fell into three apparent mega-environments. E9 formed one group by its own, E1, E2, E3, E5, E6, E7, E8 and E11 formed the second group and E4 and E10 formed the third group. E3, E5 and, E7 were both discriminating and representative therefore are favorable environments for selecting generally adapted genotypes. E4, E9 and E10 were discriminating but non-representative test environments thus are useful for selecting specifically adapted genotypes. E8 and E11 were nondiscriminating test environments hence little information about the genotypes. The results of this study helped to identify mega-environments, also representativeness and discriminating power of test environments better visualized with the GGE bi-plot model.
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    Major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and their management through host resistance
    (Academic Journals, 2018) Keno, T.; Azmach, G.; Dagne Wegary Gissa; Regasa, M.W.; Tadesse, B.; Wolde, L.; Deressa, T.; Abebe, B.; Chibsa, T.; Suresh, L.M.
    Biotic stresses are recently evolving very rapidly and posing significant yield losses of maize production in Ethiopia. A number of high yielding maize hybrids, initially developed as tolerant/resistant, have been taken out of production due to their susceptibility to major maize diseases. Furthermore, recent disease and insect pest epidemics have clearly shown the importance of breeding maize for biotic stresses and study the genetics of resistance to the major maize disease pathogens, insect pests and parasitic weeds. This paper gives the general perspective of the major biotic maize production stresses in Ethiopia and the interventions made locally and globally to control these stresses using host resistance. More emphasis was given to grey leaf spot (GLS), turcicum leaf blight (TLB), common leaf rust (CLR), maize streak disease (MSD), maize lethal necrosis (MLN), maize weevil, stalk borers, fall armyworm and Striga. Approaches to conducting genetic analysis and achieving durable host resistance to these stresses, where applicable, are discussed. This information will be used for breeders, private and public maize seed and grain growers who are targeting to operate in Ethiopia and Eastern Africa.
    Publication
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    Genetic variation and population structure of maize inbred lines adapted to the mid-altitude sub-humid maize agro-ecology of Ethiopia using single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers
    (BioMed Central, 2017) Tadesse, B.; Semagn, K.; Das, B.; Olsen, M.; Labuschagne, M.; Regasa, M.W.; Dagne Wegary Gissa; Azmach, G.; Ogugo, V.; Keno, T.; Abebe, B.; Chibsa, T.; Menkir, A.
    Molecular characterization is important for efficient utilization of germplasm and development of improved varieties. In the present study, we investigated the genetic purity, relatedness and population structure of 265 maize inbred lines from the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) using 220,878 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers obtained using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Only 22% of the inbred lines were considered pure with <5% heterogeneity, while the remaining 78% of the inbred lines had a heterogeneity ranging from 5.1 to 31.5%. Pairwise genetic distances among the 265 inbred lines varied from 0.011 to 0.345, with 89% of the pairs falling between 0.301 and 0.345. Only <1% of the pairs had a genetic distance lower than 0.200, which included 14 pairs of sister lines that were nearly identical. Relative kinship analysis showed that the kinship coefficients for 59% of the pairs of lines was close to zero, which agrees with the genetic distance estimates. Principal coordinate analysis, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and the model-based population structure analysis consistently suggested the presence of three groups, which generally agreed with pedigree information (genetic background). Although not distinct enough, the SNP markers showed some level of separation between the two CIMMYT heterotic groups A and B established based on pedigree and combining ability information. The high level of heterogeneity detected in most of the inbred lines suggested the requirement for purification or further inbreeding except those deliberately maintained at early inbreeding level. The genetic distance and relative kinship analysis clearly indicated the uniqueness of most of the inbred lines in the maize germplasm available for breeders in the mid-altitude maize breeding program of Ethiopia. Results from the present study facilitate the maize breeding work in Ethiopia and germplasm exchange among breeding programs in Africa. We suggest the incorporation of high density molecular marker information in future heterotic group assignments.
    Publication