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Browsing CIMMYT by Subject "1B/1R Translocation"

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    Effect of allelic variation at the Glu-1 Loci and 1B/1R translocation on the quantity of gluten protein fractions and pan bread making quality in common wheat
    (Institute of Crop Sciences, 2008) Tang Jian-Wei; Jianjun Liu; Zhang, Ping-Ping; Yonggui Xiao; Yong Zhang; Yanying Qu; He Zhonghu
    Composition and quantity of gluten protein fractions play an important role in determining the processing quality in common wheat. Wheat varieties with over-expression of HMW glutenin subunit produced very strong and extensible dough. Thus it is very important to understand the relationship between the quantity of gluten protein fractions and dough properties, and pan bread making quality. In this study, 42 wheat genotypes including newly released high quality cultivars and advanced lines in Northern China Winter Wheat Region and leading cultivars in Shandong province were grown in Jinan in 2005–2006 cropping season. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) were used to analyze the relationship between the quantity of gluten protein fractions and different storage protein compositions, dough properties, and pan bread making quality. The results showed that Glu-D1 locus had the larges effect on the quantity of gluten protein fractions and pan bread making quality in all loci studied, accounting for 28.5%–71.3% of the variation (P<0.05). According to individual glutenin subunit contribution to the expression quantity of gluten protein fractions and pan bread making quality, different glutenin subunit loci could be ranked as: 1>2*>N at Glu-A1; no significant differences at Glu-B1; and 5+10>2+12>4+12 at Glu-D1. Quantity of HMW-GS was significantly different at various loci (P<0.05), and expression quantity of gluten protein fractions showed broad variation among genotypes with the same HMW-GS composition. It indicated that the difference of gluten expression quantity could be an important factor resulting in quality difference in wheat cultivars. 1B/1R translocation caused a significant decrease in expression quantity of LMW-GS, gluten content and %UPP, and showed poor pan bread making quality. Both desirable protein composition and high expression quantity are needed to be considered for efficiently improving dough quality
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    Effect of HMW and LMW glutenin subunits and presence of 1BL/1RS translocation on quality traits in spring wheat
    (Institute of Crop Sciences, 2005) Chen Dong-Sheng; Liu Li; Dong Jiarr-Li; He Zhonghu; Zhang, Y.; Liu Jiarr-Jun; Desen Wang
    The composition of high molecular weight glutenin subunits ( HMW2GS) and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW2GS) , and the presence or absence of 1BLΠ1RS translocation play an important role in determination of wheat quality1 Totally , 221 spring wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to survey the composition of HMW2GS and LMW2GS , and the presence of 1BLΠ1RS translocation1 Effects of allelic variation in HMW2GS and LMW2GS and 1BLΠ1RS translocation on quality traits were investigated in 104 cultivars and lines1 The results showed that subunits 1 , 7 + 9 , 5 + 10 , GluA3a and GluB3j took dominant positions with frequencies of 5715 %, 4512 % , 6318 % , 2910 % and 4215 % , respectively, and 4413 % of tested genotypes from Northwestern Spring Wheat Region ( NWSWR) and 3412 % from Northeastern Spring Wheat Region (NESWR) carried 1BΠ1R translocation (Table 1) 1 Allelic variation at Glu21 and Glu23 loci had significant influence on SDS sedimentation volume , and mixing time and mixing tolerance at 1 probability level, and on kernel protein content and relative insoluble glutenin content at 5 % significant level (Table 2) 1 According to the allele contribution to mixing time and mixing tolerance , the glutenin subunit loci were ranked as : Glu2D1 > Glu2B3 > Glu2B1 > Glu2A1 > Glu2A3 ( Table 3) . Various individual glutenin alleles had significant effect on quality traits, specially on gluten strengthen related parameters1 They were ranked as : at Glu2A1 loci ,1 ,2 3 > N , at Glu2D1 ,5 + 10 > 2 + 12 , at Glu2A3 , Glu2A3d > Glu2A3b > Glu2A3c > Glu2A3a ,at Glu2B3 , Glu2B3f > Glu2B3b > Glu2B3j (Table 3). The contribution of subunits 1, 2 3, 5 + 10 , Glu2A3d , Glu2B3f to mixing time and mixing tolerance are significantly larger than their counterpart allelic variations1 The presence of 1BΠ1R translocation had a strong and negative effect on mixing time1 The mixing time of non21BLΠ1RS cultivars and lines was 319 min while 1BLΠ1RS translocation was 315 min.
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    Genetic gain of wheat breeding for yield in Northern winter wheat zone over 30 years
    (Institute of Crop Sciences, 2007) Zhou Yang; He Zhonghu; Xinmin Chen; Desen Wang; Yong Zhang; Zhang Gai-Sheng
    Knowledge on genetic gain of yield potential and its associated traits is essential for understanding yield-limiting factors and developing strategies for future variety improvement. Yield potential trials, comprised of 10 landmark and newly released wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) from Beijing, were conducted, using a complete randomised block design with three replicates, under controlled environment during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 seasons. Molecular markers were used to detect the presence of dwarfing genes and the 1B/1R translocation. The result showed that genetic gain in yield was 64.63 kg ha-1 year-1 or 1.20% per year. The breakthrough on yield plateau occurred at the period of release of Fengkang cultivars in 1980. Fengkang 2 and Fengkang 8 were the first cultivars carrying 1B/1R and Rht-D1b released in Beijing. Yield genetic gain was slowed down after 1980. Newly released cultivars were characterized by early heading, reduced plant height, decrease of spikes per square meter, slight increase of kernels per spike, remarkable increase of thousand kernel weight and harvest index, with annual genetic gains of －0.10%, －0.70%, 0.35%, －0.50%, 0.63%, 1.12%, and 0.79%, respectively. Increasing the number of kernels per spike by reducing the number of sterile spikelets per spike and reducing the number of sterile florets per spikelet, increasing thousand kernel weight by increasing the rate of grain filling, then combining greater weight of grains per spike with higher number of spikes per squire meter, is one of the best approaches in breeding for further yield increase.
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    Marker-assisted selection of HMW-Glutenin 1Dx5+1Dy10 gene and 1B/1R translocation for improving industry quality in common wheat
    (Institute of Crop Sciences, 2012) Yong Zhang; Shen Xiao-Yong; Zhang Wen-Xiang; Xinmin Chen; Yan Jun; Zhang, Y.; Desen Wang; Wang Zhong-Wei; Liu Yue-Fang; Tian Yu-Bing; Xianchun Xia; He Zhonghu
    Glutenin subunits play an important role in determining processing quality in common wheat. In this study, a total of 125 BC2F4 lines derived from four populations by marker-assisted backcrossing, with Yumai 34, Gaocheng 8901, and Zhongyou 9507 as quality donor and Lunxuan 987, Shi 4185, and Zhoumai 16 as recipients, were used to assess the effect of glutenin subunit 5+10 and 1B/1R translocation on quality parameters including protein content, mixograph mixing time and peak integral. A wide range of variation for all quality parameters in the populations was detected. Lines with 1Dx5+1Dy10 performed significantly longer mixing time and higher peak integral than those with alleles 1Dx2+1Dy12, while the genetic background of parents had a large impact on mixing time and peak integral among 1B/1R translocation lines. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) revealed that mixing time and peak integral were related with the quantity of glutenin subunit fractions, and significant and positive correlations between mixing time, peak integral and the quantity of LMW-GS were observed, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.38 to 0.74 (P < 0.05). Lines with 1Dx5+1Dy10 also performed significantly higher quantity of both HMW-GS and LMW-GS than those with alleles 1Dx2+1Dy12, while the effect of alleles at Glu-B3 locus on quantity of HMW-GS was insignificant, and that on quantity of LMW-GS varied among the populations. It would be efficient to select new line through backcross with quality parent as donor and high yield parent as recipient, by marker-assisted selection of Glu-D1d gene and 1B/1R translocation, in combination with field selection on agronomic parameters.
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